DIRT STORING PIG FOR

OIL-GAS PIPELINE
SUBMITTED BY –
ASHISH KUMAWAT 2016UME1272
BABLU SANGWAN 2016UME1273
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

‘DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMART PIG

FOR OIL AND GAS PIPELINE’
WHAT IS A PIG?

• A pipeline inspection gauge, commonly referred to as a ‘pig’, is a device used to clean

and/or inspect a pipeline. The term originates from the initial pig devices, which were bundles
of straw wrapped with wire or leather that were forced down the pipeline, resulting in a
squealing sound. The term ‘pipeline inspection gauge’ is a backronym and helps to accurately
represent the increased capabilities of these devices.
• The spherical or cylindrical devices manufactured today vary greatly in construction material,
size, color and accessory components. Common to all pigs, though, is that they closely conform
in diameter to the pipe bore. This allows the device to knock away any accumulated debris or
material and to closely inspect for cracks or flaws in the pipe.
WHY PIG A PIPELINE?

• There are various reasons to pig a pipeline, but the most common is to clear the line of debris.
This process ensures that the product running through the line is flowing smoothly and reduces
the likelihood of product contamination. There also are major safety advantages to clearing a
line, as built up debris can degrade the integrity of the pipe wall over time.
• Smart pigs also are commonly used today to detect various elements about the pipeline. As
mentioned earlier, inspection pigs collect information regarding temperature and pressure,
corrosion/metal loss, diameter, bends and curvature to verify pipeline integrity. Cracks, weld
defects, surface pitting and areas of crushing/deformation are often measured through
pigging as well.
 TYPES OF PIPELINE PIGS:

• Foam Pipeline Pigs: This pig is the most basic type of pig. Its purpose is to remove debris
or liquid (dewater) from the pipeline. Foam pigs come in many shapes and sizes, all of
which are designed for different applications and purposes.
• Mandrel Bodied Pigs: These pigs are designed with a metal body that can be customized
with replaceable discs, cups and/or scraper brushes or gauging plates that are bolted in
place. Disc pigs such as the BD6 are ideal for liquids and wax removal.
• Urethane Pigs: A more flexible pig body, such as the Uni-Cup Pig®, is designed for
cleaning, wax removal and liquids displacement, but are manufactured as a one-piece
construction.
Types of PIGS
THREE TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES WE FREQUENTLY
USE ON A SMART-PIG:
• Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL): This technology creates a strong magnetic field in the steel of the pipe,
through magnets located circumferentially around the PIG. There are sensors located between the magnets
that record any disturbance in the magnetic field, which indicates metal loss. The sensors measure where and
how much magnetic field is lost, providing a picture of the thickness of the steel around the pipe.
• A caliper tool: This technology suspends little ‘fingers’ on springs that feel along the inside of the pipe looking
for dents. If there is a depression in the pipe, the fingers are pushed down for the length of the dent and
spring back up after it. Dents on the top of a pipe could occur from third-party digging, while dents on the
bottom are likely caused by the pipe resting on a large rock or boulder over time.
• Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT): This technology looks for small cracks in the pipe. It works like
sonar and creates sonic waves within the steel. When the wave hits a crack, the sound wave is reflected back
and the technology records those reflections to tell us where there could be cracks or crack colonies. This is the
newest technology used by in-line inspection teams.
 SOLUTION STATEMENT
• As we have seen usually PIG carries cleaning action by sweeping the dirt in
forward direction.
• So we have come up with an idea of storing the dirt inside a large size PIG itself
instead of sweeping heavy dirt in direction of motion of PIG.
• The PIG will create high turbulence in the oil through centrifuging action of having
rotating mechanical fan.
• The PIG is also facilitated through chemicals to remove the heavy dirt through
chemical action when required.
• A pump will be mounted in the PIG at the area of the turbulence of dirt through
which it will take up the dirty oil and it will separate the dirt from oil and store
inside the PIG.
ADVANTAGE OVER GENERAL PIG

• Simple mechanical centrifugal forces are used to clean the dirt

• Chemicals are also used for heavy cleaning action
• Accumulation of dirt is avoided so no clogging takes place
• Effective cleaning
LIMITATIONS

• Low cleaning range because of overloading of dirt in PIG

• Complex Structure
• High Cost
THANK YOU!