Monday December 10, 2018

 What countries belonged to the Allied

Powers during World War ONE?
 What countries belonged to the Central
Powers during World War ONE?
 What happened to Germany because of
the Treaty of Versailles?
 How did Germany feel about that?
 Against which countries did the US
fight World War TWO?
 WORLD WAR II MAPS
 Get 5 map pencils
• Yellow– Axis Powers
• Orange – Countries controlled by Axis
• Purple – Allied Powers
• Green – Neutral Countries
• Red – Allied Advances
 Color in BOTH maps based on the
Atlas of American History on your
tables (pgs 56-57)
 Then-put your WWII leaders and
BOTH maps in your notebook
 December 17, 2018
 Who was the leader of Germany in the
1930s?
 What did he do with the military?
 Who was the leader of Italy during the
1930s?
 What major act of aggression did he commit?
 In what country did Italy and Germany back
a military rebellion?
 What country invaded China and several
other countries in the Pacific?
 What response did the League of Nations for
each of these events?
 December 19, 2018 - Warm Up
1. What aspects of American life did Alexis de Tocqueville
highlight in Democracy in America? (Hint: there are 5)
2. List the effects of the railroad on the United States
following the Civil War
3. Why did large numbers of Americans move from rural
areas to urban areas during the late 1800s and early
1900s?
4. True or False - When Europeans immigrated to the United
States, they usually moved here alone and planned to send
money home to their families.
5. Did trusts have power over politics and political decisions
during the late 1800s? Why or why not?
6. Big businesses would often do what to drive smaller
businesses and their competition out of business?
7. Political cartoonists, like Thomas Nast, brought attention
to the corruption of what types of organizations during the
Gilded Age?
What were 3 major
effects of the Republican
Party splitting into 2
parties during the 1912
presidential election?
 Tuesday December 18- Warm Up
1. What was Tammany Hall?
2. Who was Boss Tweed?
3. What did the Populist Party advocate (want/support)?
4. What were 3 major effects of the Republican Party
splitting into 2 parties during the 1912 presidential
election?
5. Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and other muckrakers like
them all fought to expose corruption and dishonest
practices in an effort to do what?
6. What methods were used by women during their fight for
suffrage?
7. The ratification of what led to women in every state being
allowed to vote?
8. What reason did the United States initially expanding
overseas to new territories?
9. To what 5 areas did the United States expand during the
late 1800s and early 1900s?
 Thursday December 20, 2018
 Who was the general that commanded divisions
under Eisenhower in North Africa and commanded
the First Army at D-Day?
 Who was the General that was Supreme
Commander of all US forces in Europe and later
became President?
 Which general fought in both world wars,
commanded Army troops in the Pacific and later
became military governor of Japan?
 Who was the Commander in Chief of the US Pacific
fleet and Allied Air, Sea, and Land forces?
 Who was the Army Chief of Staff that planed D-Day
and other military strategy from the United States?
 Who was nicknamed “Old Blood & Guts”, directed
amphibious invasions of Africa, led the Third Army
out of Normandy & despised Russia?
 Wednesday January 9
 Name the first African American pilots in the US military.
 What was the volunteer group of pilots called that trained the
Chinese Air Force?
 What group served as radio operators during WWII? What
language/code did they use?
 What WWII unit was the most decorated unit of the war? Why?
 What battle was Germany’s final attempt to take back France?
 Who took control as the Battle of Berlin?
 What was Germany’s major mistake when they tried to push into
Russia?
 Who is given most of the credit for Great Britain not surrendering
to the Germans during WWII?
 What American general wanted to push in to Russia following the
end of World War II because he predicted future tensions with the
country?
 Why did the government issue ration books during WWII?
 Who created US propaganda during WWII to support the war
effort?
 Tuesday January 8, 2019
 What was the Holocaust?
 How many people were killed by the Nazis during the
Holocaust?
 What groups were targeted by the Nazis?
 What group of people was targeted more than any
other? How many of these people died?
 When did Germany surrender to the Allies?
 What happened to Hitler at he end of World War II?
 What happened to Mussolini at the end of World War
II?
 What happened to Hideki Tojo at end of WWII?
 What happened to Emperor Hirohito at the end of
World War II?
 Did we have victory in Europe or Japan first?
 Thursday – January 10, 2019
 What is the Marshall Plan?
 What organization was created at the end of World War II to
prevent future wars and promote diplomacy?
 What happened to women and minorities who had taken over the
jobs left by men at war when those men came home?
 What general hated the Soviets and thought we should take
control of Russia at the end of World War II?
 Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for his plan to rebuild
Europe by giving them billions of dollars? Hint: the plan is named
after him 
 At what two conferences did the Big 3 meet to discuss what would
happen following the end of the war?
 What was the name of the project to develop the atomic bomb?
 Who was the president that decided to drop the bomb on Japan?
 On which two cities did the US drop the atomic bomb?
 What happened to Germany following the end of the war?
 What countries were nicknamed “The Big 3” during World War II?
 Why was Truman concerned about Stalin following WWII?
World War II
1939-1945
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1935-1936: Germany Remilitarizes
• Germany pulled out of League of Nations
• Hitler announced the formation of an Air
Force & compulsory military service
• THEN – sent troops to the Rhineland
(border between France & Germany)
 In response…League of Nations lodged
a “formal protest” –
• Basically – they did a whole bunch of
NOTHING!!!
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia
• Mussolini wanted to “rebuild a Roman
Empire”
• Ethiopia could not stop the invasion &
asked the League of Nations for help
 In response…League of Nations issued
economic sanctions (no trading with
them)
• Again basically NOTHING!!!!!
• Italy officially annexed Ethiopia & signed
Rome-Berlin axis with Germany
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1936-1939: Italy & Germany back
military rebellion in Spain
• Provide troops led by Gen. Franco with
supplies, weapons, more troops
• Nationalists overthrow Spanish gov’t & set
up right-wing dictatorship
 In response…volunteers (including
3,000 Americans) help fight nationalist
• Only Russia officially aids Spain
• USA passes neutrality acts in ‘36 & ‘37 that
keep us out of conflict
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1937: Japanese troops massacre
people of Nanjing (in China)
• Japanese troops go on 6-week rampage
• They kill ~300,000 Chinese civilians & rape
~20,000 women
 In response…Roosevelt calls for
quarantine of aggressor (Japan)
• Speech has little effect—Japan invades
French Indonesia, Formosa, Korea, China,
& several Pacific Islands shortly after.
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1938: Hitler pressured Austrian gov’t to
join with Germany
• German army crosses Austrian border w/o
opposition
• Hitler declares political union between the
two countries.
 In response…NOTHING!!!
• Britain & France are spectators as
Germany expanded into Austria
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1939: Hitler acquires Czech region of
Sudetenland
• Promises it will be last territorial demand
• LIES! Breaks pact and invades
Czechoslovakia in March 1939
 In response…Britain & France get
angry! (Finally….)
• Both declare that any further attack by
Germany would trigger war
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1939: Germany attacks Poland
• Germany signs nonaggression pact with
USSR (they won’t attack Russia)
• This freed German troops to attack Poland
• Germany uses blitzkrieg to attack so fast
that Poland couldn’t defend itself
• Soviet forces also invaded Poland from
east & Poland fell quickly
 In response…France and Britain declare
war on Germany
• Could not stop invasion/takeover of Poland
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1940: Germany invades low countries &
France
• Hitler moves troops to western border
• Attacks & captures low countries
• Invades France, trapping F & B troops
along coast
• Italy declares war on Britain & France
 In response…Britain sends every ship
possible to get out trapped troops
• France surrenders to Germany
• Germany occupies most of France
• SE France controlled by puppet gov’t
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1940: Germany attacks Britain
• German planes fly raids over British ports,
airfields, and industries
• Then bombing raids target large cities
 In response…British fighter pilots shot
down 600 German aircrafts during
Battle of Britain
• British citizens withstood bombing
• Raids lessened b/c Germany could not
replace downed planes
• US began sending aid to Britain under the
Lend-Lease Act
 Meanwhile in Europe…
 1941: Japan attacks US at Pearl Harbor
• 300 Japanese bombers & fighter planes
attack the US military base at Pearl Harbor
• They crippled US Pacific Fleet
• Sank or damaged 18 ships and 300
aircrafts
 In response…FDR declares it a “date
which will live in infamy”
• US declares war on Japan & all Axis powers
shortly thereafter

NOW IT’S ON!!!!!

Why did the Japanese attack Hawaii?
 Japanese were mad that the U.S. was putting
economic sanctions (made it difficult to buy
supplies) on Japan, trying to slow down Japan’s
conquests in the Pacific
 December 7, 1941 Japanese planes attacked
the US Navy at Pearl Harbor.
 More than 2,000 Americans were killed.
 US neutrality was over (To be independent and
not form political alliances)
 Pearl Harbor
 President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
Described the attack as…
“A date which will live in infamy”

• Infamous: bad or evil reputation

 Internment Camps
 When the war began, the US government made
a decision to take thousands of Japanese-
American citizens and visiting German and
Italian citizens and place them in internment
camps:
• Like prisons, fenced with barbed wire. Soldiers
guarded the camps with guns
• People had to sell their homes, businesses, and
belongings.
 Made legal by an Executive Order #9066
by FDR.
 Economic Impact of WW2
 Ended the Great Depression (with the
help of FDR’s “New Deal”)
• Put Americans back to work
 Government went into massive debt
to pay for supplies
 Early 1940’s the US stopped making
cars and non-essential items
• Car factories made Jeeps, Tanks, Planes
 More jobs in the West, growth of
suburbs (like Irving)
 Opposing sides in WW2
Allies
Axis Powers  United States
 Germany
 Britain (England)
 Japan
 Russia (joined Allies after
 Italy Germans invaded Russia in 1941)
 France (surrendered to the
Axis Powers in 1940)
U.S., Britain, and Russia
were called the “Big 3”
 The Rise of Dictators: Germany
 Treaty of Versailles: Germany had to
pay for damages during World War I
• Germany owed $33 billion and didn’t have
enough money
 Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany
1933-1945, said Germany had been
treated unfairly by the Treaty of
Versailles
 Political party: Nazi. Extreme national
pride backed by military force

Hitler committed suicide in April 1945. His body was

burned by the Russian Army.
 The Rise of Dictators:
Italy
 Benito Mussolini ruled Italy
from 1922-1943, as a
Fascist dictator.
• Fascism is based on a
totalitarian state of unity,
power, and indoctrination (brain
washing)
• Totalitarian governments are
ruled by dictators.
 Mussolini was removed from power in
1943, and was assassinated 2 days
before Hitler died in April 1945.
 The Rise of Dictators: Russia
 Joseph Stalin ruled Russia’s
Communist Party (government
control of business) from 1922-
1953.
 Russia and Germany had a non-
aggression pact (would not fight
each other) during WW2
 Both countries ravaged Eastern
Europe, trying to take as much
land as possible.
 Hitler lied, broke the pact and
invaded Russia in 1941.
 The Allies (US, Britain, and
France) agree to work with Russia
to beat Hitler.
 The Rise of Power: Japan
 Most of Japan’s expansion and
decisions to conquer other countries
were made by its military.
 Emperor Hirohito was Japan’s
figurehead during the War, but had
limited power.
 Hirohito did not object to the war.
 He told Japanese citizens that
sacrificing themselves was more
honorable than being captured alive.
 Hirohito was not prosecuted for
war crimes after the war.
 He died in 1989, at 88 years old.
 The Rise of Power: Japan
 Hideki Tojo served as Prime Minister
(leader of Japan) and leader of the
Japanese Army 東條 英機
 Tojo’s goal was to create a militaristic
government that would dominate Asia
and the Pacific Ocean
 Tojo was responsible for the deaths of
millions of innocent people, as Japan
conquered many Pacific islands and
parts of China
 Tojo had death camps (similar to
Hitler’s) where prisoners of war,
POWs, were tortured and killed.
 After Japan surrendered, Tojo was
arrested by the U.S., and executed
for war crimes he committed
 Two theaters of the War
 WW2 was fought in two theaters (areas)

Europe - fighting Germany and Italy

Pacific - fighting Japan

*Remember: World War I (1914-1918) was only fought in Europe

 Pacific Theater
 The US focused on fighting Japan first (think
Pearl Harbor), but Japan did not surrender until 3
months after Germany did.
• Germany surrendered May 8, 1945
• Japan surrendered August 15, 1945
 Officially in writing on September 2, 1945 (V-J Day)
Famous officers leading in the Pacific
 Douglas MacArthur (Army commander)
 Chester Nimitz (Navy commander)
 Early War in the Pacific
 Douglas MacArthur
• Graduated from West Point
• Fought during both World Wars
• Commanded troops in Pacific
and presided over Japan’s
surrender in 1945
• Left Philippines before invasion but
promised “I shall return!”
• Appointed military governor of
Japan after World War II
 US struggles to control Pacific
Islands and keep them out of
Japanese hands
 Japanese begin “island-hopping”
campaign – moving from island
to island conquering and taking
control of them
 Bataan Death March
 Japan attacked the US Territory of the
Philippines a few hours after Pearl Harbor.
• April 1942 - US and Filipino troops retreated to
the small Bataan Peninsula
• They held out for 4 months, until they ran out of
food and 75,000 men had to surrender
• The Japanese marched them 80 miles, killing up
to 10,000 men, and torturing many others
 Leaders in the Pacific
Chester Nimitz
 Born and raised in
Fredericksburg, Texas
 Rank: Fleet Admiral as
5-star admiral of U.S.
Navy
 Dual commander of
Commander in Chief of
US Pacific Fleet and
Pacific Ocean Areas for
Allied air, land, and sea
forces during World War
II.
 Leading Naval authority on
submarines
 Chief of Navy’s Bureau of
Navigation in 1939
 Pushing Japan back
 Island Hopping
• The US had to win by beating Japan on
many of the islands they had captured
• Ships and planes would bomb as much of the Japanese
locations as they could, but eventually US soldiers had to
invade.
 Battle of Midway - June 1942
• The turning point of the war with
Japan
 It’s early, so why the turning point?
List of major Pacific island battles:
• Midway, 307 US soldiers killed
• Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), 1,600 US soldiers
killed
• Tarawa, 1,000 US soldiers killed
• Marshall Islands, 372 US soldiers killed
• Saipan, 2,900 US soldiers killed
• Guam, 1,700 US soldiers killed
• Peleliu, 1,800 US soldiers killed
• Philippines, 11,000 US soldiers killed
• Iwo Jima, 6,800 US soldiers killed
• Okinawa, 12,500 US soldiers killed
 EUROPE
 The US was ready to fight the Nazis and
Fascists by mid 1942.
Famous officers leading the invasion of Europe:
 Omar Bradley (a leader in D-Day invasion into France)
George Patton (final attack in Germany)
Dwight Eisenhower (commander for D-Day) “Ike”
became the 34th President, from 1953-1961
 Leaders in Europe
Omar Bradley
 U.S Army General with ability
to organize large forces and
concern for individual soldiers.
 Commanded divisions in
North Africa under
Eisenhower
 Commanded First Army during
D-Day invasion at
Normandy
 Participated in Patton’s march
through France and Belgium
 Drove through central
Germany to Elbe River and
joined Russian forces to push
into Czechoslovakia.
 Leaders in Europe
Dwight D. Eisenhower
 Born in Texas, raised in
Kansas
 Graduated from West Point
 Led invasion of North Africa
and defeated Rommel’s
Afrika Korps in 1943.
 Supreme Commander of
ALL US forces in Europe
 Commanded forces during
D-Day invasion
 Following the war, he
became President of the
United States.
 Leaders in Europe
George Patton
 Graduate of West Point
learned tank tactics during
World War I
 Directed amphibious
landings on Casablanca,
North Africa; led Third Army
out of Normandy; assisted in
Battle of the Bulge; marched
into Germany
 Despised Russia and
suggested that US & Britain
unite to fight the Soviets
Union
 “Blood and Guts” (his
nickname) considered one of
most successful field
commanders in history
It was going to
be a tough fight
in Europe, so
the U.S. decided
to start in
North Africa,
where the
Germans and
Italians had
spread their
empire. Then
move to Europe
 War in Africa
 Germany & Italy had expanded into
North Africa
 FDR announced that US would only
accept unconditional surrender and
leaders of Germany, Italy, Japan would
NOT stay in power after the war
 By 1942 – Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley
had pushed Axis forces back
 1943 – All Axis troops in Africa
surrender
 Into Europe
 After beating the Axis Powers in Africa,
the Allies invaded Italy in March 1943.
• Why do you think we fought in Italy before Germany?
 September 1943, Italy surrenders but still
has Nazis fighting inside it.
 Mussolini is overthrown and rescued by the Nazis. He is caught by
Italians and executed in April 1945.
 Slowly, the Nazis were pushed back toward
Germany.
 A Leader at Home
George Marshall
 Graduate of Virginia Military
Institute
 Aide to General Pershing during
World War I
 Organized Civilian
Conservation Corps during
New Deal
 US Army Chief of Staff that
organized troop training,
development of strategic
plans, appointed top military
personnel
 George Marshall plans D-Day
invasion of France from US
 Gives Eisenhower command
of ALL US troops in Europe
(including 350 generals)
 Mobilization: to assemble supplies to make
ready for war
 Before the U.S. entered the war, the
Lend-Lease Act allowed Britain to borrow US
supplies for free until the war was over.
• How do you think the Axis felt about this?
 When the U.S. declared war on the Axis Powers
there was a need for HUGE production of supplies
• Created new jobs
• Officially ended the Great Depression
• Gave women and minorities many of the
factory jobs

Rosie the Riveter

 Jobs for Women and Minorities
 Jobs for Women
• Factory work and military work (made supplies, nurses,
secretaries)
 Jobs for minorities (non-whites)
• Millions of minorities found work when white
males went to war
• After the war, many minorities and women lost
their jobs as white males returned to the
workforce.
 US Office of War Information
 Recruited women for jobs
 Gave news updates
 Warned about spies
 Developed propaganda: persuasion
for a point of view (domestic, and abroad for
foreign countries)
 American Patriotism
 High levels of military enlistment
• Example
 1940: 350,000 enlist

 1942: 3,000,000 enlist

 Volunteerism
• Americans volunteered in many capacities, such
as: Red Cross, and making bandages and socks
 Victory Gardens
• Shortage of labor for food harvesting
• Government encouraged citizens to plant their
own fruits and vegetables
 Consumer Rationing
 Americans were told to ration (limit)
the number of goods they could buy.
 Citizens were given ration books/coupons
that allowed them to buy certain items.
• **Remember, supplying troops was the
main priority.
 War bonds
 The US government needed to borrow a
lot of money to pay for supplies.
 They asked citizens to buy war bonds; an
investment with a small return.
• Example: Invest $100 today. In 5 years
you will get $120 back.
• During these 5 years, the government will use
your money for supplies. You are loaning the
government money.
 D-Day Invasion
 Name: Operation Overlord
 Troops involved
• 21 American Divisions
• 26 British, Canadian, & Polish
 Location: 50 mile stretch of beach in
Normandy France
• Beaches: Omaha, Utah, Gold, Juno, Sword
 US tricks Hitler –
• Patton sets up fake US HQ in England –
complete with WOOD & CARDBOARD tanks
• Hitler sends troops here instead of Normandy
 D-Day
 June 6, 1944
 D-Day was the day the Allies (US, Britain, Canada)
invaded France to take it back from the
Nazis.
Taking back France: D-Day
 Allied troops landed on the French coast of
Normandy.
 Largest amphibious (by water) invasion ever.
 150,000 men invaded by boat (crossed the English
Channel overnight) OR by plane (paratroopers)
 Taking back France: D-Day
 Germans put up largest defense at Omaha
Beach – where Americans landed
 Many were killed or severely injured as
soon as they stepped off the boat
 Germans had well built defenses on beach
 2,500 Allies killed and 10,000 injured
 Within 1 month, more than 1,000,000
American troops would land at Normandy
 Final Battles in Europe
 The Battle of the Bulge was Germany’s last
major offensive to try to win back France. It
occurred on the Western Front (think WW1), the
border between Germany and France.
• Germany’s troops “bulged” the front lines into France, but
did not break through.
• Allies won the battle, but took many loses, and were
unprepared for the cold winter.
 Cold weather limited Hitler’s attack on Russia, and
helped the Soviets push the Nazis back.
 Special Military Groups
Tuskegee Airmen
 First African American
military airmen
 trained and flew single or
multi-engine airplanes
 trained at the Tuskegee
Institute in Alabama;
first group graduated in
1942
 Escorted bombers and
recorded over 200 combat
missions and never lost a
bomber
 Known for the Red Tails
on the back of their planes
 Unit received over 150
medals during World War
II (most of ANY unit)
 Special Military Groups
Flying Tigers
 Volunteer flying units created
to train a new Chinese Air
Force in the American model;
located in western China
 Commanded by Claire
Chennault
 3 squadrons of 20 planes
each
 The face of a shark was
painted on the nose of each
plane
 Depended on early warning
system
 Tactics included the “dive-
and-zoom” to avoid the
turning maneuverability of
Japanese planes
 Special Military Groups
Navajo Code Talkers
 About 400 Navajos
served as radio
operators for US
Marines
 Radio code was based
on Navajo language
 It was never broken
 They had the ability to
decode and encode
messages in a fraction
of the time that it took
machines
 Winning in Europe
 When the Allies entered Germany, Russia
was allowed to take charge at the Battle of
Berlin (Germany’s capital).
 Hitler committed suicide April 30, 1945
 Nazi Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
 V – E Day
 Victory in Europe Day is celebrated on May 8

Britain’s Prime
Minister, Winston
Churchill refused
to surrender to
Germany.
 Casualties in Europe
 Estimated 40 million people killed in
the European conflict
• Russia had the highest casualties
 13 million military deaths
 7 million civilian deaths
• Germany
 3 million military deaths
 3.5 million civilian deaths
 Holocaust
 Estimated 6 million Jews throughout Europe were
killed by the Nazis. Most died in concentration
camps, which had forced labor.
 Yalta and Potsdam
 Yalta Conference
• February 1945
• Agreement to split up control of
Germany when it surrenders (May ‘45)

 Potsdam Conference
• July 1945
• Official decisions on what to do with
Germany and Poland
• Germany eventually split WEST/EAST
• West would be free, East would be
under strict Soviet control until 1990
• Japan REFUSED to sign! Bad for them!
 FDR
 Franklin Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945
 President from 1933-1945
 FDR led America out of the Great Depression
• New Deal programs
• Trouble with Supreme Court
 Essentially won WW2 for the USA
 Only President elected 4 times!
• In 1947, the 22nd Amendment set a 2-term limit
 VP, Harry Truman became President after
FDR’s death. He did not know about the
Manhattan Project (atomic bomb)! 
 The Atomic Bomb
 Research & development of the bomb –
Manhattan Project in White Sands, New
Mexico
 Robert Oppenheimer led the project in
Los Alamos, NM – where the bomb was
actually designed
 USS Indianapolis delivered the bomb
components to Tinian on July 26, 1945
• On the way back to Leyte, it was hit by
Japanese torpedoes and sank
• For 4 days, the sailors were in shark
infested waters-only 57 survived
 The Atomic Bomb
 By July 1945 the atomic bomb was ready.
 President Truman made a last attempt to contact
Japan and require their surrender, but the Japanese
ignored him.
 Bombing
• Hiroshima, August 6, 1945. (Little Boy bomb)
delivered by the Enola Gay
• Nagasaki, August 9, 1945. (Fat Man bomb)
 Estimated 100,000 killed by each bomb
• Japan surrendered August 15, 1945
 Officially in writing on September 2,
1945 (V-J Day)
 Vernon Baker
 He was the only black officer
in his company. He
commanded a weapons
platoon with 2 light machine
guns squads and 2 mortar
squads
 Ordered to attack German-
held Castle Aghinolfi at
dawn, near Viareggio, Italy -
led the battalion that
secured the mountain
 Honors received: Purple
Heart, Bronze Star, &
Distinguished Service
Cross
 52 years later-awarded the
Congressional Medal of
Honor by President Clinton.
Only living black veteran to
receive the honor
 Nuremberg Trials
 13 trials held in Nuremberg, Germany
between 1945-1949
 Purpose: bringing Nazi war criminals to
justice – defendants included Nazi Party
officials, high-ranked officers, lawyers,
doctors
 All indicted for crimes against peace and
crimes against humanity
 Regarded as historical for beginning the
establishment of a permanent
international court
 George Marshall: organized WW2
plans from Washington, D.C. (Chief of Staff,
then Secretary of State)
 Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953
• 1948-1952 the “Marshall Plan” gave billions
of dollars to help Europe recover from the
war. Important move to make Europe like
USA more than Russia!
 Tension with Russia
 During the Potsdam Conference,
Truman became suspicious of Stalin’s
intentions.
• Russia was allowed to take much of eastern
Europe and part of Germany after the war.
• Stalin’s ultimate goal was to spread communism
in Europe and Asia.
• This is the beginning of a 50 year “cold
war” between the USA and Soviet Union!
 A Teenager’s Experience
You just listened to David Bergman’s
experiences in concentration camps in
Europe.
• Explain his experience as a Jewish
teenager during World War II and how he
survived his experiences.
• How do you think his experiences relate to
other Jewish teen’s experiences during the
war? Do you think they were similar or
different? Why?