Seminar on Internet of Things

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 Group Members
1.Ledia Menda CIR/184/08
2.Birhanu Abera
CIR/075/08
3.Sisay Mamuyye
CIR/259/08
4.Mulgeta Teshale CIR/225/08
5.Muna Musa CIR/226/08

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 Contents of Introduction
1 What’s Internet of Things ?

2 How Internet of Things it Works ?

3 Challenges of Internet of Things

4 Architecture of Internet of Things

5
Application of Internet of Things

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Things(IoT)?
 Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects devices,
vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect
and exchange data.
 The Internet of Things allows people and things to be connected Any
time, Any place, with Anything and Any one, ideally using Any path/
network and Any service.
 From any time ,any place connectivity for anyone, we will now have
connectivity for anything!

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The Internet of everything(IOT)
 Peoples.
-Connecting peoples in more relevant, valuable ways
 Data.
-Leveraging data into more useful information for decision making.
 Process.
-Delivering the right information to the right person(machine) at the right time.
 Things.
-Physical devices and objects connected to the internet and each other
intelligent decision making.

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Internet of Things Elements
 Identification
Identification is required for IoT to name and match services with their
demand from the customers.
 Sensing
IoT sensing means gathering data from the related objects within the
network and sending it back to a database
 Communication
IoT communication technologies connect heterogeneous objects together
to deliver specific smart services.
 Computation
Processing units and software applications represent the brain and
computational ability of the IoT

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 Cont…
 Semantics
It refers to the ability to extract knowledge smartly by different machines to provide
the required services to the customers.

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Why we need Internet of
Things ?
 Environmental Monitoring
 Improve the resource utilization ratio
 Dynamic control of industry and daily life
 Better relationship between human and nature
 Flexible configuration
 Universal transport & internetworking

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How Internet of Things Works ?
 Internet of things is not the result of single novel technology; instead,
several complementary technical developments provide capabilities that
taken together help to bridge the gap between virtual and physical world.

 This capabilities include:-

 Communication and cooperation.
 Addressability
is the capacity for an entity to be targeted and found. To be addressable, an
entity must be uniquely identifiable.

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 cont.
 Identification .
identification is already extensively used for things in the physical world,
such as desktop computers, servers, mobile devices, networking devices
(e.g., routers, switches, hubs), network interface cards, energy meters,
sensing devices, actuating components, RFID/Auto ID readers, tagged
items/products, application gateways and more.
All these physical objects are associated with an identifier such as a
hostname, an IP address or a URI (Universal Resource Identifier).
 Sensing.
-Sensors are the magic of IoT.
-The ability to detect changes in the physical status of things is
essential for recording changes in the environment.
-Example: sensors in an electronic jacket can collect information about
changes in external temperature and the parameters of the jacket can be
adjusted accordingly.

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 cont.

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 Characteristics of IoT
Characteristics of Internet of Things
Ambient
Intelligence

Flexible
Internet of Structure

Event
Things
Driven

Semantic
Sharing
Complex Access
Technologies

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Characteristics of IoT
 Ambient Intelligence
the autonomous and intelligent entities will act in full interoperability & will be
able to auto-organize themselves depending on the context, circumstances or
environment.
 Event Driven is to design the scheme depending on the need
 Flexible Structure
means that hundreds and thousands of nodes will be disable and will be set to run.
 Complex Access Technology
means that there’s several kinds of media such as vehicle stone that they need
different access technologies.
 Semantic Sharing is the machine can rend and send by themselves. No need to
tell human beings.

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 Current status and future prospect of IOT.

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 The challenge of IoT
 At present IOT face with many challenge such as:
1.Technological Standardization in most areas are still remain fragmented.
2.managing and fostering rapid innovation is a challenge for governments
3. privacy and security
4.Absence of governance
5.Scalability/size considerations
6.Vulnerability to internet attack
Limitation of IoT
The application of IoT in extreme situations are still not tested, for example
in the outer space and very hot or very cold area.

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 Privacy Example
How to convincing users that the IoT technology will
protect their data and privacy when tracking

Potential Solutions

Legal & Technical Market

Social Ethic
Regulatory Control Self-regulation

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 Architecture of IOT
Architecture of internet of things consists of 4 layers:
 Application Layers
 Getaway and Network Layer Information
Application
 Management Service Layer Application Layer
 Sensors Layer
Information
Processing
Management Layer

Information
Transmission
Network Construction Layer

Information
Generation Sense and Identification Layer

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 Application Layer

 Lowest abstraction layer.

 With sensor we are creating digital nervous system.
 Incorporated to measure physical quantity.
 Interconnect the physical and digital world.
 Collect and process the real-time information.

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 Getaway and network layer.

 Robust and high performance infrastructure.

 Support the communication requirement for latency, bandwidth or
security.
 Allow multiple organization to share and use the network independently.

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 Management service layer

 Capturing of a period of sensory data.

 Data analytic (extracting relevant data from massive amount of raw data).
 Streaming analytic (process real time data).
 Ensure privacy and security of data.

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 Sensor layer

 Provide user interface for using IOT.

 Different application for various sector like transportation, agriculture,
healthcare, retailer, supply chain, government, etc.

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 Application of IOT.
Management:
Data management
Waste management
Urban planning
Production management

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 Nest Smart Thermostat
 The Nest learns your family’s routines and will automatically adjust the
temperature based on when you’re home or away, awake or asleep, hot or cold,
to make your house more efficient and help you save on heating and cooling
bills.

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 Cont.
Food:

Control geographical origin

Food production management
Nutrition calculations

 Control food quality, health and safety.

 Prevent overproduction and shortage

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 Health Care
• Various sensors for various conditions
• Example ICP sensor: Short or long term
monitoring of pressure in the brain cavity
• Implanted in the brain cavity and senses the
increase of pressure
• Sensor and associated electronics
encapsulated in safe and biodegradable
material
• External RF reader powers the unit and
receives the signal
• It is also known that successful treatment
depends on early detection.

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Applications Internet of Things In Supermarket
Scenario: shopping
(2) When shopping in the
market, the goods will
introduce themselves.

(1) When entering the doors,

scanners will identify the tags
on her clothing.

(4) When paying for the goods,

the microchip of the credit card
will communicate with
checkout reader.

(3) When moving the goods,

the reader will tell the staff to
put a new one.

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 Intelligent home systems

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Road is Difficult, but Future is Bright

 Any TIME
 Any PLACE  Any THING

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 Health patch Health Monitor
 It can be used for out-patient care by healthcare providers, letting them
get heart rate, respiratory rate, skin temperature and activity readings
remotely.
 This can alert doctors to potential health problems before they arise, or
give them additional insights into which treatments will be most
effective for their patients, even when their patients aren’t in the office.

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 Reference

https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+the+main+idea+of+internet+of+thin
gs&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-explanation-
internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/#6d2010dc6828.

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