HYDRO POWER PLANT

INTRODUCTION
• Hydro-electric power is the power obtained from the energy of
falling water whereas hydro-electric power plant is power plant
utilising the potential energy of water at high level for the
generation of electrical energy.
• The electric power, P developed ,

P  wQH  9.8110 kW 3

• Where,
W = specific weight of water in kg/m3
Q = rate of flow of water in m3/s
H = height of fall or head in m
η = overall efficiency
 DAM- Storing
water’s potential
SURGE TANK-
Stabilize water 2-a
General Layout
1 energy pressure to avoid
pipe wreckage of Hydro-
Electric Power
PENSTOCK- Carries

2
the water’s kinetic
energy to the
Plant
turbines 3
POWER HOUSE- A shaft is connected
Contains the to the turbines
TURBINE which spinning blades that
receives the water leads to the
from the penstock generator and thus
and makes it spin. MECHANICAL TO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY

5
4
SWITCH GEAR
AUTOMATIONS TO POWER
AND GOVERNOR TRANSFORMER
CONTROLS
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
1. Storage Reservoir.
2. Dam.
3. Trash Racks.
4. Spillway.
5. Surge Tank.
6. Penstock.
7. Powerhouse and Equipment.
8. Tail Race.
9. Switchyard
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Storage Reservoir :- Its purpose is store water
during excess flow periods and supply the
same during lean periods.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant

• Dam :- A dam is structure of considerable

height built across the river to provide
working head of water for power plant and
increase the storage capacity of power plant.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Spillway :- It acts as safety valve. It discharge the
overflow water to downstream side when the
reservoir is full.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Trash Racks :- These are built up from long , flat bars
set vertically or nearly so and spaced with the
minimum width of water passage. It prevents debris
from water.
Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant

• Surge tank :- A reduction in load on generator

causes the governor to close the turbine gates
and thus pressure is increases in penstock. This
sudden rise of pressure in penstock known as
water hammering.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Penstock :- It is closed conduit which connects
the forebay or surge tank to the case of
turbine.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• POWER HOUSE- Contains the TURBINE which
receives the water from the penstock and
makes it spin and GENERATOR which is coupled
to the turbine transforms mechanical energy
generated by the turbine into electrical energy.
.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Valves and Gates :- Valves and Gates provided
for controlling of flow of water from reservoir
to hydraulic turbine.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Turbine : - convert the water flow energy into
mechanical energy.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Generator: - which is coupled to the turbine
transforms mechanical energy generated by
the turbine into electrical energy. .
Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Tail Race :- after useful work in turbine the
water is discharged to tail race which may
lead to the river or reservoir.
 Elements of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Switchyard:- provides the switching and
distribution of generated power.
Thank you