MOTIVATION

{ Concepts and Application

Ann S. Flores
Ma. Theresa L. Lopez
Rachelle Arriette M. Untaran
 “…the way in which urges, aspirations, and needs
direct, control or explain the behaviour of
human beings.” – D. MacFarland

 “…a willingness to expend energy to achieve a goal

or reward. “ – C.B. Mamoria

 “….complex set of forces starting and keeping a

person at work in an organization…” – R. Dubin

 “…the art of getting people to do what you want

them to do because they want to do it.” – D.
Eisenhower

MOTIVATION is...
 COMPONENTS OF
MOTIVATION
 1. DIRECTION
 What the person is trying
to do
 2. INTENSITY
 How hard a person is
trying

 3. PERSISTENCE
 How long a person keeps
on trying
 FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE MOTIVATION
 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 1. CONTENT / NEEDS THEORIES
 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

 Herzberg's Motivator-hygiene Theory

 Alderfer's ERG Theory

 McClelland's Learned Needs or Three-

Need Theory
 2. PROCESS / COGNITIVE THEORIES
 Cognitive Evaluation Theory

 Expectancy Theory

 Equity Theory

 Goal setting Theory

 Reinforcement Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
What do people want from
their jobs? Do they just want a
higher salary? Or do they want
security, good relationships with
co-workers, opportunities for
growth and advancement – or
something else altogether?

Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory

Alderfer’s ERG Theory
• FRUSTRATION – REGRESSION
If a higher level need remains unfulfilled, the person may
regress to lower level needs that appear easy to satisfy

• SATISFACTION – PROGRESSION
If a lower level need is satisfied, the person progresses to
higher level need
• SATISFACTION – STRENGTHENING
Satisfying a need which has already been satisfied
McClelland’s Learned Needs Theory
1. Need for affiliation (n Aff) is a
need for open and sociable
interpersonal relationships

• Desire for cooperation and mutual

understanding
• Friendly and supportive environment
• Effective team performers
• Want to be liked by others
1. Need for achievement (n Ach) is
the urge the excel, accomplish a set of
standards, struggle to achieve success

• Task - oriented
• Assume responsibility for solving problems
• Need immediate feedback on their
performance
1. Need for power (n Pow) is the
desire to be influential and have
control over other individuals

• Assertive in decision making

• Likes to change situations whether or not it
is needed
• Wants to lead
THANK YOU.