THE KNEE

THE KNEE
 EXAMINATION
 DEFORMITIES OF THE KNEE

 MENISCUS LESIONS

 CHRONIC LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY

 RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF THE

PATELLA
 RECURRENT SUBLUXATION
 THE KNEE
 OTHER TYPES OF NON-TRAUMATIC
DISLOCATION
 PATELLOFEMORAL OVERLOAD (PATELLAR
PAIN SYNDROME; CHONDROMALACIA OF
THE PATELLA)
 OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

 LOOSE BODIES

 SYNOVIAL CHONDRONATOSIS

 THE PLICA SYNDROME

 THE KNEE
 SWELLING OF THE KNEE-ACUTE
 SWELLING OF THE KNEE-CHRONIC

 TUBERCULOSIS

 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

 OSTEOARTHRITIS

 OSTEONECROSIS
 THE KNEE
 CHARCOT DISEASE
 HAEMOPHILIC ARTHRITIS

 INJURIES OF THE EXTENSOR APPARATUS

 OSGOOD-SCHLATTER’S DISEASE

(‘APOPHYSITIS’ OF THE TIBIAL TUBERCLE)

 CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION

AROUND THE KNEE

 THE KNEE
 BURSITIS

 PRINCIPLESOF KNEE OPERATIONS

 NOTES ON APPLIED ANATOMY
 EXAMINATION
 SYMPTOMS
 SIGNS WITH THE PATIENT UPRIGHT
 SIGNS WITH THE PATIENT LYING
SUPINE
 THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
 EXAMINATION

 SIGNS WITH THE PATIENT LYING

PRONE
 IMAGING
 ARTHROSCOPY
 THE DIAGNOSTIC CALENDAR
 SYMPTOMS
 PAIN
 STIFFNESS
 DEFORMITY
 SWELLING
 LOCKING
 GIVING WAY
SIGNS WITH THE PATIENT
LYING SUPINE

 LOOK
 FEEL

 MOVE
 LOOK
 SKIN
 SHAPE

 SWELLING
 LUMP

 POSITION
 FEEL
 SKIN
 FLUID
 MOVE
 FLEXION AND EXTENSION
 CREPITUS
 MOVEMENT WITH STRESS
 ROTATION
 TESTS FOR
STABILITY
 THE MEDIAL AND LATERAL LIGAMENTS
 THE CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
 LACHMAN TEST
 SIGNS WITH THE
PATIENT LYING SUPINE
 APLEY’S TEST
 LACHMAN’S TEST
 ARTHROSCOPY
 ESTABLISH OR REFINE THE ACCURACY
OF DIAGNOSIS
 HELP IN DECIDING WHETHER TO
OPERATE OR TO PLAN THE OPERATIVE
APPROACH WITH MORE PRECISION
 RECORD THE PROGRESS OF THE KNEE
DISORDER
 PERFORM CERTAIN OPERATIVE
PROCEDURES
 THE DIAGNOSTIC
CALENDAR
 ADOLESCENTS
 YOUNG ADULT
 PATIENTS ABOVE MIDDLE AGE
 DEFORMITIES OF THE
KNEE
1. DEVELOPMENT BOW LEG AND KNOCK
KNEE
2. SECONDARY BOW LEG AND KNOCK
KNEE IN CHILDREN
3. GENU VARUM AND VALGUM IN ADULTS
4. HYPEREXTENSION OF THE KNEE (GENU
RECURVATUM)
DEVELOPMENT BOW LEG
AND KNOCK KNEE
 BLOUNT’S DISEASE
SECONDARY BOW LEG
AND KNOCK KNEE IN
CHILDREN
 DISORDERS THAT DISTORT PHYSEAL
GROWTH
 ‘APPARENT BOE LEGS’

 COMPLEX DEFORMITIES
 GENU VARUM AND
VALGUM IN ADULTS
 SEQUEL TO CHILHOOD DEFORMITY
 SECONDARY TO ARTHRITIS

 LIGAMENT INJURIES

 MALUNITED FRACTURES

 PAGET’S DISEASE
 HYPEREXTENSION OF THE
KNEE (GENU
RECURVATUM)
 CONGENITAL RECURVATUM
 LAX LIGAMENTS

 OTHER CAUSES

 GROWTH PLATE INJURIES

 MALUNITED FRACTURES
 MENISCUS LESIONS
1. TEARS OF THE MENISCUS
2. MENISCAL DEGENERATION
3. DISCOID LATERAL MENISCUS
4. MENISCAL CYSTS
 TEARS OF THE
MENISCUS
 PATHOLOGY
 CLINICAL FEATURES

 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

 TREATMENT

 OUTCOME
CLINICAL FEATURES
 PLAIN X-RAYS
 ARTHROSCOPY
 DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
 LOOSE BODIES
 RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF THE

PATELLA
 FRACTURE OF THE TIBIAL SPINE

 A PARTIAL TEAR OF THE MEDIAL

COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
 A TORN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
 TREATMENT
 DEALING WITH THE LOCKED KNEE
 CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
 OPERATIVE TREATMENT
 MENISCAL
DEGENERATION
DISCOID LATERAL
MENISCUS
 MENISCAL CYSTS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
 TREATMENT
 DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
 A GANGLION
 CALCIFIC DEPOSITS IN THE

COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
 A PROLAPSED, TORN MENISCUS

 VARIOUS TUMOURS
 CHRONIC
LIGAMENTOUS
INSTABILITY
RECURRENT DISLOCATION
OF THE PATELLA
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 TREATMENT
 SUPRAPATELLAR REALIGNMENT
(CAMPBELL ROUX)
 INFRAPATELLAR SOFT-TISSUE
REALIGNMENT (GOLD THWAIT)
 INFRAPATELLAR BONY REALIGNMENT
(HAUSER)
 PATELLECTOMY
 RECURRENT
SUBLUXATION
OTHER TYPES OF NON-
TRAUMATIC
DISLOCATION
 CONGENITAL DISLOCATION
 HABITUAL DISLOCATION
PATELLOFEMORAL OVERLOAD
(PATELLAR PAIN SYNDROME;
CHONDROMALACIA OF THE
PATELLA)

 PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

 CLINICAL FEATURES
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
 TREATMENT
 TREATMENT
 CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT
 OPERATIVE TREATMENT

 LATERAL RELEASE
 PROXIMAL REALIGNMENT

 DISTAL ELEVATION

 DISTAL REALIGNMENT

 CHONDROPLASTY

 PATELLECTOMY
CAUSES OF ANTERIOR
KNEE PAIN
 PATELLOFEMORAL OVERLOAD
 OVERUSE IN ATHLETES

 ‘JUMP’ KNEE

 PATELLOFEMORAL SUBLUXATION

 BIPARTITE PATELLA

 PATELLAR CYSTS OR TUMOURS

CAUSES OF ANTERIOR
KNEE PAIN
 PREPATELLAR BURSITIS
 PLICA SYNDROME

 OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

 DISCOID MENISCUS

 TORN MENISCUS
 OSTEOCHONDRITIS
DISSECANS
 PATHOLOGY
 CLINICAL FEATURES

 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

 TREATMENT
CLINICAL FEATURES
 IMAGING
 RADIONUCLIDE SCANS
 ARTHROSCOPY
 LOOSE BODIES
 INJURY
 OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
 OSTEOARTHRITIS
 CHARCOT’S DISEASE
 SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS
 LOOSE BODIES
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 SYNOVIAL
CHONDRONATOSIS
THE PLICA SYNDROME
 PATHOLOGY
 CLINICAL FEATURES

 DIAGNOSIS

 TREATMENT
 SWELLING OF THE
KNEE-ACUTE
1. HAEMARTHROSIS
2. ACUTE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
3. TRAUMATIC SYNOVITIS
4. ASEPTIC NON-TARUMATIC
SYNOVITIS
 HAEMARTHROSIS
 TREATMENT
 BLEEDING DISORDERS
 ACUTE SEPTIC
ARTHRITIS
 STAPHYLOCOCCUS AEREUS
TRAUMATIC
SYNOVITIS
 ASEPTIC NON-
TARUMATIC SYNOVITIS
 TUBERCULOSIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 X-RAYS
 DIAGNOSIS

 TREATMENT
 IN THE ACTIVE STAGE
 IN THE HEALING STAGE

 IN THE AFTERMATH
 RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 DURING STAGE 1 (SYNOVITIS)
 IN STAGE 2
 IN STAGE 3
 TREATMENT
 OPERATIVE TREATMENT
 SYNOVECTOMY
 SUPRACONDYLAR OSTEOTOMY

 ARTHROPLASTY
 OSTEOARTHRITIS
 PATHOLOGY
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 TREATMENT
 OPERATIVE TREATMENT
 ARTHROSCOPIC WASHOUTS
 PATELLECTOMY

 RAELIGNMENT OSTEOTOMY

 REPLACEMENT ARTHROPLASTY

 ARTHRODESIS
 OSTEONECROSIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 CHARCOT’S DISEASE
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 HAEMOPHILIC
ARTHRITIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 TREATMENT
 INJURIES OF THE
EXTENSOR APPARATUS
1. RUPTURE ABOVE THE PATELLA
2. FRACTURE OF THE PATELLA
3. RUPTURE BELOW THE PATELLA
• IN JOHANSSON-LARSEN’S DISEASE
 CALCIFICATION AND
OSSIFICATION AROUND
THE KNEE

1. CALCIFICATION IN THE MEDIAL

LIGAMENT
2. PELLEGRINI-STIEDA DISEASE
 BURSITIS

1. INFRAPATELLAR BURSITIS
(CLERGYMAN’S KNEE)
2. SEMIMEMBRANOSUS BURSA
3. POPLITEAL CYST
• POPLITEAL ANEURYSM
 PRINCIPLES OF KNEE
OPERATIONS
1. ARTHROSCOPY
2. OSTEOTOMY
3. ARTHRODESIS
• TECHNIQUE
4. KNEE REPLACEMENT
 ARTHROSCOPY
 TECHNIQUE
 COMPLICATIONS
 OSTEOTOMY
 RATIONALE
 INDICATIONS

 TECHNIQUE

 RESULTS

 COMPLICATIONS
KNEE REPLACEMENT

 INDICATIONS
 TYPES OF OPERATION

 RESULT

 COMPLICATIONS
TYPES OF OPERATION
 PARTIAL REPLACEMENT
 UNCONSTARINED TOTAL

REPLACEMENT
 CONSTRAINED JOINTS
 COMPLICATIONS
 GENERAL
 INFECTION

 LOOSENING

 PATELLAR PROBLEMS
NOTES ON APPLIED
ANATOMY