Statistics is a Tool for what?

Decision-Making.

Why it is said that statistics is a tool for decision making? Explain

Statistics is defined as a science that studies data to be able to make a

decision. Hence, it is a tool in decision-making process.
 Statistics as a science involves of what four (4) methods?

Collecting, processing, summarizing and analyzing data. Statistics is a

science that studies data.

Identify which of the following questions are answerable using a

statistical process. Support your answer
What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
What is the average wage rate in the country?
How long did you sleep last night?
 (Answerable through a statistical process). The process includes
getting a representative group of Filipino families and ask the family
head as to how many members they have in their family. From the
gathered data which had undergone a quality check a typical value of
the number of family members could be obtained. Such typical value
represents a possible answer to the question.

(Answerable through a statistical process). (The process includes

getting all prevailing wage rates in the country. From the gathered
data which had undergone a quality check a typical value of the wage
rate could be obtained. Such value is the answer to the question.)

(not answerable through a statistical process

 What is data?
A collection of facts from experiments, observations, sample surveys
and censuses, and administrative reporting systems. Data are facts
and figures that are presented, collected and analyzed. Data are
either numeric or non-numeric and must be contextualized.
• Illustration:
The set of students of this Statistics and Probability class is
our universe. But we must precaution the students that a universe is
not necessarily composed of people. Since there are studies where the
observations were taken from plants or animals or even from non-living
things like buildings, vehicles, farms, etc.

What is the meaning of the universe from the illustration?

Universe is the collection or set of units or entities from whom we got

the data.
 What is variable?

variable is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every

unit of the universe
Supply all the missing classifications of variables in the diagram
 What is the difference between discrete data and continuous data?
Discrete data are those data that can be counted. Continuous data are
those that can be measured.
 Variables could be classified as what?
qualitative or quantitative, and the latter could be further classified
as discrete or continuous.

What are the four (4) levels of measurement?

Four levels of measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
Identify the data collection method used and the type of resulting data.

a. The website of Philippine Airlines provides a questionnaire

instrument that can be answered electronically.
(subjective method, primary data)

b. The latest series of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) generated by the
Philippine Statistics Authority was downloaded from PSA website.
(use of existing record, secondary data)
 give the four (4) common parts of a statistical table?

a. Table title includes the number and a short description of

what is found inside the table.
b. Column header provides the label of what is being presented in a
column.
c. Row header provides the label of what is being presented in a row.
d. Body are the information in the cell intersecting the row and the
column.
 Explain the three (3) methods of data presentation.
1. textual or narrative
data in textual or paragraph or narrative form, one describes the data
by enumerating some of the highlights of the data set like giving the
highest, lowest or the average values.

2. Tabular
Data could also be summarized or presented using tables. The tabular
method of presentation is applicable for large data sets. Example. :
frequency distribution table
Explain the three (3) methods of data presentation.

3. graphical method of presentation

Graphs are commonly used in oral presentation.