EXERCISE 4:

ORGANIC COMPONENTS:
CARBOHYDRATES

EMMA RUTH VILLAVER

MA. ANGELICA ROBLES

EIJI CASTILLO SERRANO

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Characteristic color reactions of carbohydrates
Molisch’s test
Solution Color ( +/ -)
1% glucose Light violet +
1% fructose Violet ring +
1% lactose Violet ring +
1% sucrose Violet +
1% starch Violet +
Leaf extract Violet +
fruit extract Light violet +
Distilled water Clear -
Discussion
 addition of H2SO4 dehydration furfural
derivatives colored products condensed by
α-naphthol.

 Violet ring- interphase

leaf extract- negative, sugar: triose phosphate

 Carbohydrates
- glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, starch and
fruit extract
 Seliwanoff’s test
Reagent(1 resorcinol : 1 HCL)

Solution Color Time

1% glucose Orange 2
1% fructose Dark red 1
1% lactose Light orange 2
1% sucrose Dark red 1
1% starch Light orange 2
Leaf extract Pale green -
fruit extract Dark orange 1
Distilled water Pale yellow -
Discussion
 Furfural derivatives colored products
condensed by 1 resorcinol: 1 HCL ( Seliwanoff’s
reagent)

 Ketose reacts first: Light orange to red

 Ketose: fructose, sucrose, fruit extract
 Aldose: glucose, lactose, starch
 Benedict’s test

Solution Color ( +/ -)
1% glucose Red orange +
1% fructose Red orange +
1% lactose Red orange +
1% sucrose Blue -
1% starch Blue -
Leaf extract Green -
fruit extract Orange -
Distilled water Blue -
Discussion
 Reducing sugar + Benedict solution yellow precipitate

Reducing sugars:
glucose, fructose, lactose

Non- reducing sugars:

sucrose, starch, leaf extract and fruit extract

Leaf extract – green; small amount of reducing sugar

Fruit extract- orange; large amount of reducing sugar than
leaf extract
B. Characteristics of hydrolytic products of di-and
polysaccharides
a. action of acid on disaccharides
Color reaction
1. Sucrose + Benedict’s Blue green
2. Sucrose + HCL + Benedict’s Brick red

Discussion:
1. Sucrose + Benedict’s
 Sucrose- non reducing sugar, cannot reduce CuSO4
2. Sucrose + HCL + Benedict’s
 Reducing sugar- fructose, glucose resulting to brick red
reaction
b. Action of acid on polysaccharides

Test Color reaction

tube no.
1 Yellow
2 Yellow
3 Yellow
4 Yellow
5 Light yellow
6 Light yellow
7 Light yellow
8 Light yellow
9 Blue-black
10 Yellow
Discussion:
The achromatic point – Test tube no.1
 Test tube no .1- a human error due to exceeding the allotted
time for test tube no.1. Theoretically, this should have a
violet colored substance that indicates the presence of
unbroken down starch.

 As for controls,
Test tube no.9 – blue black color ( presence of starch iodo
complex)
Test tube no.10 – yellow ( starch is already broken down)
ANSWER TO
STUDY
QUESTIONS
1. Based on your results, what is likely
carbohydrate present in the leaf extract? In the
fruit extract?
Benedict’s test
Non-reducing sugars: sucrose, starch, leaf extract,
fruit extract
Seliwanoff’s test
Sucrose:fruit extract Starch:leaf extract
1. Based on your results, what is likely
carbohydrate present in the leaf extract? In the
fruit extract?

The sugar present in leaf extract is starch while the

sugar present in fruit extract is fructose.
2. Which is the simplest monosaccharide? How is it
synthesized in plants?

Triose phospahate (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is

the simplest sugar made by plants during
photosynthesis.
Light reaction stage of
Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle of Photosynthesis
3. Why are pectic compounds considered as
carbohydrates?

Pectic compounds are made up of galactose

derivatives, galacturonic acid, and glucose.