DC (Battery)

Control Power Equipment

JAMES A. BALDIVISO JR.

 Battery
Selection
Battery Selection
Factors to be considered:
type of battery (sealed, vented, lead acid, NiCad, etc.)
expected life of the battery
usage of the battery (number of charge/discharge cycles)
dimensions and weight of the battery
construction materials
Battery Selection

connectors and terminals

ambient environment and conditions
maintenance requirements
seismic characteristics
SIZING
SIZING
The duty cycle imposed on the battery
will depend on the DC system design
and the load requirements. The duty
cycle showing the battery loads in
amperes and the lengths of time for
which they must be supported will
determine the sizing of the battery.
 SIZING
LOAD CLASSIFICATION
CONTINUOUS
NON - CONTINUOUS
MOMENTARY
SIZING
 SIZING
Ampere - hour
The Ah or Ampere-hour capacity is the
current a battery can provide over a
specified period of time.
 SIZING
Ampere - hour
For example:

100Ah @ C10 rate to end of

discharge of 1.75 V/cell
 SIZING
Ampere - hour
100 Ah
= 10
C10
means the battery can provide 10 Amps for 10 hours to an end of
discharge voltage of 1.75 V per cell.

Typical rates used are C3, C5, C8, C10 and C20.
 SIZING
Calculation of Battery Size
Number of Cells and Cell Voltage - the number of
cells is estimated based on the maximum battery voltage and
float charge voltage:
SIZING
The minimum battery voltage is the minimum system voltage
(including voltage drops across cables). Given the minimum
cell voltage the minimum cell voltage is given by:
TYPES OF BATTERIES
Pasted plate with lead–antimony grids
Lead Calcium
Tubular positive (Iron-Clad Battery)
Plante Battery
Valve-regulated lead–acid
Round cell battery
BATTERY CHARGER
Battery Charger

Unregulated Type
&
Regulated Type
Battery Charger

Unregulated Type
Unregulated, or "non-regulated" simply means that
charging is not subject to the control of a regulator
(TRICKLE CHARGING)
Trickle charging means charging a battery constantly
thus enabling it to remain at its fully charged level
Battery Charger

Regulated Type
regulated charging always stays within the rated value
regardless of the amount of current consumed by the
load, as long as the rated output current of the power
adapter is not exceeded.
 Maintenance and
Care of Batteries for
Switchgear
Applications
Inspections

Monthly or Weekly
- Float voltage at battery terminals
- Charger output current and voltage
- General appearance and cleanliness of the battery
- Electrolyte levels, cracks in jars, and leakage of electrolyte
- Evidence of corrosion at terminals, connectors, racks, or cabinets
Inspections

Quarterly
- Voltage of each cell and total battery terminal voltage
- Specific gravity of 10% of the cells of the battery
- Temperature of electrolyte of 10% of the cells of the battery
Inspections

Specific Gravity
Inspections

Electrolyte Temperature
Inspections

Yearly
- Detail visual inspection of each cell to determine its condition
- Specific gravity, voltage, electrolyte level, and temperature of each
cell of the battery
- Contact resistance of cell-to-cell and terminal connections
- Impedance measurements of the battery cell
- Structural integrity of the battery rack and cabinet
Battery Tests
- Determine whether the battery meets its specifications or the
manufacturer’s rating or both

- Periodically determine whether the performance of the battery, as

found, is within acceptable limits

- Determine whether the battery, as found, meets the design

requirements of the system to which it is connected, i.e., whether it
has the capacity and capability to power the loads connected to it
OTHERS

 Acceptance Test
 Performance Test
 Battery Service Test (Load Test)
 Connection Resistance Test
 Battery Impedance Test
 Addition of Water
 Acid Spillage
 Loose Connections
 Corrosion