The Relevance of Ethical

Values, Principles, Rights

and Virtues from the Point
of View of Stakeholders

Presented by :
Mr. Dan Lhery S. Gregorious
 Ethics
• Ethics is defined as the status of values, produced from the word
“ethos” in Greek which means the character that defines the
behavior type
• Ethics are best defined as the study of the principles of human
conduct or actions.
• Ethics are about the way we behave and the values that we hold
• Ethical decision-making is considered a peculiarly human activity
• Ethics are not just how we 'feel' about something; it is a reasoned
process.
 Stakeholders
• typically defined as individuals, groups and organizations
that have an interest in the processes and outcomes of
the firm and upon whom the firm depends for the
achievement of its goals (Freeman, Harrison & Wicks,
2007).

• proposes that treating all stakeholders well creates a sort

of synergy (Parmar, Freeman, Harrison, Wicks, Purnell &
de Colle, 2010; Tantalo and Priem, 2014).
Primary stakeholders or Legitimate
stakeholders
 Stakeholder theory
• advocates for treating all stakeholders with fairness,
honesty, and even generosity.

–“A firm that manages for stakeholders allocates more

resources to satisfying the needs and demands ofits
legitimate stakeholders than what is necessary to simply
retain their willful participation in the productive activities
of the firm.” ( Harrison,Bosse and Phillips, 2010)
 Stakeholder theory
• In other words, how a firm treats its customers influences
the attitudes and behavior of the firm’s employees,and
how a firm behaves towards the communities in which it
operates influences the attitudes and behavior of its
suppliers and customers

Generalized
Exchange
Concept
 RIGHTS
II. CHAPTER 2
 Rights of Parents

Organize by themselves
and/or with teachers for
the purpose of providing a
forum for the discussion
of matters relating to
the total school program.
 Rights of Parents

Access any
official record directly
relating to the children
who are under their
parental responsibility.
 Rights of Students in School

Receive, primarily
through competent
instruction, relevant
quality education…
 Rights of Students in School

Right to school
guidance and
counseling services
for decisions…
 Rights of Students in School

Access to his own

school records…
 Rights of Students in School

Issuance of official
certificates, diplomas, transc
ript of
records, grades, transfer
credentials and other similar
documents within thirty days
from request.
 Rights of Students in School

Publish a student newspaper

and similar publications…
 Rights of Students in School

Free expression of opinions

and suggestions…
 Rights of Students in School

Form, establish, join and

participate in
organizations and societies
recognized by the school…
 Rights of Students in School

Be free from involuntary

contributions…
Rights of all School Personnel

Free expression of opinion and

suggestions.
 Rights of all School Personnel

Be provided with free legal service by

the appropriate government office in the case
of public school personnel, and through
the school authorities concerned in the
case of private school personnel.
 Rights of all School Personnel

Establish, join and maintain labor

organizations and/or professional and
self-regulating organizations of their
choice.
 Rights of all School Personnel

Be free from involuntary contributions except

those imposed by their own organizations.
 Special Rights and/or Privileges of
Teaching or Academic Staff
Be free from compulsory
assignments not related
to their duties as defined
in their appointments or
employment contracts,
unless compensated
therefor, conformably to
existing law.
Special Rights and/or Privileges of
Teaching or Academic Staff

Right to intellectual property

consistent with applicable laws.
 Special Rights and/or Privileges of
Teaching or Academic Staff
Teachers shall be deemed
persons in authority
when in the discharge of
lawful duties and
responsibilities, and
shall, therefore, be
accorded due respect and
protection.
 Special Rights and/or Privileges of
Teaching or Academic Staff

Teachers shall be accorded

the opportunity to choose
alternative career lines either
in school administration, in
classroom teaching, or others,
for purposes of career
advancement.
 Special Rights of School
Administration

School administrators shall, … ďe

accorded sufficient administrative
discretion necessary for the
efficient and effective
performance of their functions.
 Special Rights of School
Administration

School administrators shall be

deemed persons in authority while
in the discharge of lawful duties
and responsibilities, and shall
therefore be accorded due respect
and protection.
 Rights of Schools

The right of their governing

boards or lawful
authorities to provide for
the proper governance of
the school and to adopt
and enforce administrative
or management systems.
 Rights of Schools

The right for institutions of

higher learning to
determine on academic
grounds who shall be
admitted to
study, who may teach, and
what shall be subjects of the
study and research.
 References
• A Framework for Thinking Ethically.” ETHICS 1, no. 2 (Winter 1988).
http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.htmlnal , DOI: 10.1002/smj.2337.
• Education act, (1982) retrieved at https://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/research/quicklegalcite.pdf
dated August 02, 2018.
• Freeman, R.E., Harrison, J.S. and Wicks, A.C. (2007). Managing for stakeholders: Survival,
reputation and success, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.
• Harrison, J.S., and Bosse, D.A. (2013). How much is too much? The limits to generous
treatment of stakeholders. Business Horizons, 56 (3), 313-322.
• Parmar, B.L., Freeman, R.E., Harrison, J.S., Wicks, A.C., Purnell, L. and de Colle, S. (2010).
Stakeholder theory: The state of the art . Academy of Management Annals, 3, 403-445.
• Tantalo, C. and Priem, R.L. (2014). Value creation through stakeholder synergy. Strategic
Management Jour“