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1. Communally owned
Subject matter was common experience of
a group of people (food gathering, work in
the home, caring for children, nature…)
Common in riddles, proverbs and songs
Riddles/Bugtong
• Neither king nor priest>
• Hindi hari, hindi pari
But has a variety of clothes
Ang damit ay sari-sari
sampayan
sandok
Chavacano Riddles/ Adivinanza
• Tiene un pono, ta comé de suyo mismo
cuerpo.
• De negro si vivo, de colorao si muerto.
• Ya parí ya, pero no hay pa salé el anak.
• Cielo arriba, cielo abajo agua entremedio.
• Binili ko nang mahal, isinabit ko lamang
• Isang prinsesang maganda, punong-puno
ng mata.
• Bawat dahong itinatapon ay lumilipas na
panahon.
• Limang magkakapatid, laging kabit-kabit.
• Heto na si Kaka, bubuka-bukaka.
• Maliit na bahay, puno ng mga patay.
• Lumuluha walang mata, lumalakad
walang paa.
• Isa ang pasukan, tatlo ang labasan.
• Sa maling kalabit, may buhay na
kapalit.
• Dalawang batong itim, malayo ang
nararating.
• Magandang prinsesa, nakaupo sa tasa.
Salawikain: Pinoy Proverbs
• In general, a Pinoy will resort to quoting
proverbs if he wishes to express himself
eloquently, or if he wishes to fancy himself as
a sage of wisdom.
• Defined interchangeably as
– "ornament to the language,“
– "words of our ancestors,"
– "wisdom of experience”
– Salawikain are sayings that are steeped in
traditional Filipino culture and wisdom.
Bontocs Ifugaos
– Isolation from colonial power
• Done by Mangyans, Bilaans, Isnegs and
etc.
1. Simple forms
Riddles and Proverbs which contained
talinhaga (metaphor)
Vocabulario de la lengua tagala by Pedro
Sanlucar and Juan de Noceda, collection of
early riddles and proverbs directly
obtained from the people during the
Spanish time.
2. Poetry
– Much of pre-colonial poetry were
monoriming and heptasyllabic
– Example ambahan of Hanunoo-Mangyans
– Tanaga, like a Hispanized version of
ambahan and has four lines
3. Lyric Poetry
– Tagalogs have 16 species of songs for
different occasions
Ambahan
Ako mana manrigsan I would like to take a bath
sa may panayo pinggan scoop the water with a plate
sa may tupas balian wash the hair with lemon
ako ud nakarigsan juice;
inambing bahayawan but I could not take a bath,
sinag-uli batangan because the river is dammed
with a lot of sturdy trunks
Tanaga
Katitibay ka, tulos You may stand sturdy
Sakaling datnang agos, But when the waters flow
Ako’y mumunting lumot, I, the humble moss
Sa iyo’y pupulupot Can strangle you.
Functions of Songs
1. Political
- taught people of their membership to the
community
2. Religious
- used to give praise to the divinities
4. Prose Narratives
– Consisted of origin myths, hero tales, fables and
legends.
Functions of Prose Narratives:
1. Explain natural phenomena, past events and
contemporary beliefs to make the world
more comprehensible and less fearful.
2. Make idle hours less tedious.
5. Drama
• Philippine drama as a literary form did not
exist yet but existed in the simplest form.
• Mimetic dances imitating natural cycles and
work activities
• Most sophisticated prehistoric/pre-colonial
drama were participated in by priest/priestess
and the entire community.