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Organizational Culture,
Change & Development
Pamela S. Lewis
Stephen H. Goodman
Patricia M. Fandt
Slides Prepared by
© Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. Zulema Seguel
All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives slide 1 of 2
• Substance
– Consists of shared systems of beliefs, values,
expectations, and norms.
• Form
– Consists of the observable ways that
members of a culture express ideas.
• Individual targets
• Group targets
• Organizational targets
• Environmental targets
Institutionalize: Refreeze
Reinforces and rewards the new behaviors