CORROSION RESISTANCE

PERFORMANCE BETWEEN FLYASH

WITH STEEL SLAG BASED COPPER
SLAG GEOPOLYMER AND OPC

PRESENTED BY GUIDED BY
PRASHANTH .P M.ASHOK scientist
INTRODUCTION

 Along with the strength and durability of construction

materials, the environmental aspects of using these
materials have to be taken into consideration.
 Geopolymer concrete is a new generation of ‘green’
concrete, mainly made from waste materials and alumino
silicate binder. Compared with Portland cement concrete,
geopolymer concrete has unique properties.
 Corrosion of the reinforcing steel used in concrete is
dangerous and can result in high costs of structural
repairs. Large amounts of steel corrosion result in concrete
cracking and reduction in the steel reinforcement bond
strength
 The corrosion performance of geopolymer concrete was
evaluated based on accelerated corrosion testing.
 This review paper will focus on corrosion performance of
reinforcement bar in GP compared to OPC
SCOPE
 The main scope of this work was to study the
corrosion performance of geopolymer concrete and
ordinary portland concrete such as acid attack , bond
strength ,permeability test as well as the corrosion
resistance of geopolymer.concrete.
 The parameters considered were the molarity of the
alkaline activator (sodium hydroxide), the alkaline
solution binder ratio, the binder material content,
curing temperature.
 The performances of geopolymer concrete and
Portland cement concrete were also compared.
 From the test results, in terms of the corrosion
performance , the optimum values were found with
the help of analytical software MINITAB
OBJECTIVE
 Design of concrete mix for M30 grade concrete as conventional concrete
and also for gpc
 Geopolymeric materials which derived from flyash (Class F) can exhibit
superior chemical and mechanical properties.
 The activating solutions for geopolymer are consisted of sodium silicate
(Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide(NAOH) solutions
 The corrosion rate of reinforcing steel in geopolymer concrete with steel
slag substitution was found to be higher compared to normal geopolymer
concrete without steel slag in seawater medium, whereas in an acid rain
environment, steel slag substitution increased corrosion resistance. The
corrosion rate of geopolymer concrete with steel slag substitution was
found to be lower compared to normal geopolymer concrete. The corrosion
rate was found to be very high at an early stage and decreased with time.
 Copper slag is a by-product material obtained from matte smelting and
converting during the process of manufacturing copper. The mineralogical
composition and morphology of the slag show that it can be used in the
construction industry. If CaO content increases, in the slag it can exhibit
cementations properties under the activation of NaOH and also improves
the strength of the concrete
MATERIAL EMPLOYED
 Fly ash class F type
 Steel slag

 copper slag

 Sodium silicate

 Sodium hydroxide
 literature review
Title A Comparison of Geopolymer Concrete Blended with Steel Slag under
Sunlight and Ambient Curing
Author P.V.Premalatha1 , C.Rhema Rose2 and K.A.Aboorvaraj3

Objective The compressive strength was compared in two different mediums of

curing for different percentage of addition of steel slag in concrete. The
conclusions are drawn on the effect of steel slag in the Geopolymer
concrete. The results obtained shows improved compressive strength
by addition of steel slag and that the sunlight curing increases
compressive strength of the concrete compared to ambient curing.
Material used : Fly ash, Geopolymer concrete, Alkaline solution and Steel slag.

Percentage of replacement e. Steel slag is used in different percentages such as 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and
3.5%. Alkaline solution to fly ash at a ratio of 0.5 is used.
W/C ratio mix ratio Mix proportion of 1:1.3:2.8 ,0.4

Test conducted Compression test ,sunlight curing

Results There is an increase in strength of the Geopolymer concrete with steel

slag at different percentage of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% when compared to
the plain Geopolymer concrete. The compressive strength of the
concrete cubes in sunlight curing is high when compared to ambient
curing. Sunlight curing is practically possible. So there is no problem
in sunlight curing.
 literature review
Title
EFFECTS OF STEEL SLAG SUBSTITUTION IN
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
AND CORROSION RATE OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN
SEAWATER AND AN ACID RAIN ENVIRONMENT
Author
Henki Wibowo Ashadi1*, Boy Ahmad Aprilando1, Sotya
Astutiningsih2
Objective The corrosion rate of reinforcing steel in geopolymer concrete with
steel slag substitution was found to be higher compared to normal
geopolymer concrete without steel slag in seawater medium, whereas
in an acid rain environment,
Material used fly ash and steel slag, Sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide

Percentage of replacement 9.80 wt.% Na and 16.60 wt.% Si

W/C ratio mix ratio 0.46

Test conducted potentiostatic scan tafel analysis ,compression test

Results The results of the compressive strength test showed that geopolymer
concrete with slag aggregate has a higher compressive strength than
that of geopolymer concrete with gravel aggregate The corrosion rate
was equal to 0.07238 mm/year on day 3 and decreased on day 7 to
0.06240 mm/year,
 literature review
Title Permeability indices and corrosion resistance
of geopolymer and Portland cement concretes
Author Ali A. Aliabdo

Objective performances of geopolymer concrete and hydraulic Portland cement

concrete were also compared. From the test results, in terms of the
permeability indices, The addition of cement or silica fume was found
to improve the performance of the geopolymer concrete. At the same
compressive strength, the geopolymer concrete achieved better water
permeability resistance
and corrosion resistance than Portland cement concrete
Material used ordinarybPortland cement (OPC), silica fume, aggregates, geopolymer
alkaline solution and steel reinforcement.
W/C ratio , cement content The cement contents
used were 300 kg/m3 and 450 kg/m3, with water/cement (w/c)
ratios of 0·40, 0·50 and 0·60.
Test conducted water penetration depth,
water absorption and voids ratio, impressed voltage current
Results An increase in sodium hydroxide molarity has a positive
effect on the water penetration depth, water absorption,
voids ratio and corrosion resistance of geopolymer
fly ash material had better mechanical and physical properties while
the metakaolin material showed better corrosion resistance.
 literature review
Title Effects of Copper Slag as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in
Geopolymer Concrete
Author Neethu Susan Mathew1 , S. Usha2

Objective The strength, durability and bond strength characteristics of fly ash
and GGBFS based geopolymer concrete with and without the fine
aggregate replacement have been compared. The results indicated that
geopolymer concrete with 40% copper slag as fine aggregate
replacement showed an improvement of 17.5%, 13.94% and 22.72% in
the 28th day compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and
flexural strength respectively in comparison with the geopolymer
concrete without copper slag, but in terms of durability of geopolymer
concrete, it is found to be more water absorbent
Material used Copper slag fly ash

Percentage of replacement Different geopolymer concrete mixes GPC1 and GPC2 were prepared
with 100% M-Sand and 40% copper slag plus 60% M-Sand combination
respectively as fine aggregate.
W/C ratio mix ratio 0.40
Test conducted Compressive strength , flexural ,split tensile , water absorption ,
pullout test ,sorptivity
Results The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength
increases by 17.5%, 13.94% and 22.72% respectively due to the partial
replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag.
 literature review
Title Statistical software to improve the accuracy of geopolymer
concrete
Author Carlos Montes1, Sergio A. Gomez1, Niraj Khadka1, Erez N.
Allouche1

Objective The present paper describes the development of statistical geopolymer

mix design software based on ACI 211.1 that incorporates the
aforementioned geopolymer parameters of fly ash type, activator
solution concentration and others
Material used Silicate type (SiO2/Na2O ratio of 2.0 and 3.2) Hydroxide concentration (10,
12 and 14 m ) Silicate/hydroxide ratio (1, 1.5 and 2)

Test conducted Slump cone test,compressive test

Results Three specimens per combination were tested and their results
averaged. The results were fed into the MINITAB software for
analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the calculation of means and
standard deviations.
TEST
 Strength Test:
 Compressive strength test
 Split tensile strength test
 Flexural Strength
 Durability Test:
 Sulphate Attack
 Alkali Silica Reaction
 Acid Attack
 Rapid Chloride Permeability Test
 Magnesium attack
 Permeability Studies:
 Water absorption
 Sorptivity
 corrosion Studies
 Electro chemical impedance
 Open cell potential
 Tafel extrapolation
 Impressed voltage current
 Accelerating corrosion test