English Review

Diane González
A noun names a person, place, thing,
idea, or feelings

 person: boy, Vanessa, Miguel

 place: Ponce, house, Puerto Rico
 thing: pencil, book, car
 idea: liberty, courage, obedience
 feelings: love, hatred, admiration
1. A proper noun names a particular
person, place, or thing and is a always
capitalized.

 Olympics, Sweden, San Juan

2. A common noun names any one of a
group of persons, places, or things,
and is not capitalized.

 skills, hat, boy

3. A compound noun is made up of
two more words acting as a single
noun. The words may be written as
one word, separate words, or as
hyphenated words.

 Baseball, ball park, sister-in-law

Rule # 1

Add an (s) to form the plural of most of words.

Examples: book – books

bug – bugs
friend- friends
tutor – tutors
flower - flowers
Rule # 2

 For nouns that end in-ch,-sh,-s, -x, -z and –ss add (es) to
form the plural.
 Examples: church –churches
 bush – bushes
 minus- minuses
 box – boxes
 quiz – quizzes
 boss – bosses

Rule # 3

If the word ends in a vowel + (y)

[ay, ey, iy, oy, uy] add an (s) to the word.

Examples: tray – trays

key – keys
stay – stays
toy - toys
buy – buys
Rule # 4

If the word ends in a consonant + (y) change the (y)

into (i) and add (es) to form the plural.

Examples: enemy – enemies

cherry – cherries
baby – babies
party – parties
dictionary - dictionaries
Rule # 5

For words that end in (f), drop the (f) change it to (v) & add
(es) for the plural. For words that end in (fe), change the
(f) to (v) & ad (es) to form the plural.

Examples: wolf - wolves

wife - wives
knife – knives
self – selves
Exceptions

Gulf gulfs

Belief beliefs

Chief chiefs

safe safes

roof roofs
Rule # 6

For nouns that end in a consonant + (o) add (es) to

make the noun plural.

Examples: tomato – tomatoes

hero - heroes
potato – potatoes
volcano - volcanoes
If there is a vowel +”o” at the end of
the word , then smply add “s”.

 bamboo – bamboos
 shampoo- shampoos
When a noun that ends in “-o” is a
musical instrument term taken from
Italian, add “-s” only.

 Soprano-
 Piano
 Alto
 Solo
Some irregular spellings
I. Some nouns change spelling in the
plurals.

Singular Plural mouse mice

child children ox oxen
man men tooth teeth
woman women
foot feet
mouse mice
person people
goose geese
Nouns that have the same form in the
singular and plural:

sheep sheep

fish fish

deer deer
 Series and Means have the same form in
singular and plural.
 Example The series is; The series are,
Plural forms of Latin and Greek origin.

Crisis crises

analysis analyses
Review: Write the correct plural form of
the noun.

1-38
 1. attorney-
 2. baseball-
 3. batch –
 4. birthday-
 5. calf-
 6. class-
 7. couch-
 8. county-
 9. dollar-
 10. duty-
 11. dwarf-
 12. fax-
 13. flower-
 14. fly-
 15. handkerchief-
 16. hoof-
 17. inquiry-
 18. island-
 19. joy-
 20. knife-
 21. laboratory-
 22. lady-
 23. laundry-
 24. life-
 25. loaf-
 26. louse-
 27. mix-
 28. monkey-
 29. mother-
 30. mother-in-law
 31. news-
 32. oats-
 33. penny-
 34. play-
 35. spy-
 36. thief-
 37. trout-
 38. umbrella-
Answer Key

 1. attorney- attorneys
 2. baseball- baseballs
 3. batch – batches
 4. birthday- birthdays
 5. calf- calves
 6. class- classes
 7. couch- couches
Answer Key

 8. county- counties
 9. dollar- dollars
 10. duty- duties
 11. dwarf- dwarves
 12. fax- faxes
 13. flower- flowers
 14. fly- flies
Answer Key

 15. handkerchief- handkerchiefs

 16. hoof- hoofs
 17. inquiry- inquiries
 18. island- islands
 19. joy- joys
 20. knife- knives
 21. laboratory- laboratories
 22. lady- ladies
 23. laundry- laundries
 24. life- lives
 25. loaf- loafs
 26. louse- louses
 27. mix- mixes
 28. monkey- monkeys
 29. mother- mothers
 30. mother-in-law mother- in- laws
 31. news- news
 32. oats- oats
 33. penny- pennies
 34. play- plays
 35. spy- spies
 36. thief- thieves
 37. trout- trouts
 38. umbrella- umbrellas