•Hazel Jinayon •Dolly Ann Empeno

•Jomarie Verzosa •Shrine Ulop

•JV Villamor

•Angelie Jamorol •Justine Luta

•Lhilac Atun •Evan Mecate
•Demi Romblon •Kevin Munez
 According to the Empedocles, a
Greek philosopher, scientist and
healer who lived in Sicily in the fifth
century B.C., all matter is comprised
of four "roots" or elements of earth,
air, fire and water.
In his Tetrasomia, or
Doctrine of the Four Elements.
Empedocles described these elements
not only as physical manifestations or
material substances, but also as
spiritual essences. He associated these
elements with four Greek gods and
goddesses - air with Zeus, earth with Hera,
fire with Hades, water with Nestis (believed
to be Persephone)
Aristotle
named
four
elements;
fire, air,
earth and
water.
Thales argued
that everything
was made of
water.
Heraclitus
disagreed and
claimed that fire
was the major
element
Anaximenes
refused to believe
either and put
forward air as
the obvious
candidate.
 This argument could have gone on for a
long time, as there was no hard way to
prove the answer either way, until a
philosopher called Empedocles decided
that everybody had the same right to be
correct.
He proposed that everything
was made up of a mixture of
the four elements, and
proposed a simple
experiment to prove his
point.
 Empedocles set light to a stick.
While this might not seem to be the most
ground-breaking piece of scientific research
ever made, it convinced the philosophers to
stop bickering and take his opinion to heart.

Since the stick burns, it obviously contains fire.

A dirty residue is left behind once the stick has
burnt, so the stick also contains earth.
The residue is damp, so water must be present.
The burning stick gives off smoke, and thus air is in
there too.
Aristotle classified the elements on whether
they were hot or cold and whether they were
wet or dry.
Fire and earth were dry.
Air and water were wet.
Fire and air were hot.
Earth and water were cold.
Aristotle also suggested that there
was a fifth element, aether, because
it seemed strange that the stars
would be made out of earthly
elements. He would be surprised to
learn that they are in fact made up of
many elements found on earth, and
are so hot they could be said to be on
fire all the time!
The four elements
were even used to
described the four
temperaments a
person could have.

VOCABULARY
Temperament- the usual
attitude, mood, or
behavior of a person or
animal.
 Hippocrates used the four elements
to describe the four “humors” found
in the body.

These theories stated that

the temperaments and
humors needed to be in
balance with each other in
order for a person to be well
both mentally and
physically.
The earth is full
of a wide variety
of rocks and
minerals which
provides the soil
to grow
vegetation and
support life.
 Its closely linked to air. Fire needs three
things in order to exist: oxygen, fuel, and heat.
The intensity of a fire varies because it is
dependent on the oxygen, fuel, and heat
available to it. When all of these things are in a
controlled situation such as in candles or a camp
fire, it is considered helpful.
but when one or more of
these things are not
controlled such as in a wild
fire or a burning building
then it could be very
dangerous.
 Air was considered a “pure” element, but in
Air fact the air that’s all around us is made up of
a variety of gases: primarily nitrogen and
oxygen, with almost 1% argon and even
smaller amounts of carbon dioxide and other
elements such as krypton and helium. The
composition of air is just right for life on
Earth, though.

We use a lot of the oxygen we get

from the air, then breathe out carbon
dioxide – which plants need to
manufacture their food through
photosynthesis. Plants in turn give off
oxygen during photosynthesis.
Water Water has a high specific
heat index, meaning that it
takes a lot of energy to
change its temperature.
This is essential for life to
survive on a planet. The
abundance of water on the
earth keeps the planet in a
very short but comfortable
temperature range.
End of the Report

Kansamnida!