Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
• Indirect instruction
• Semi-concrete concepts
have some combination of
concrete and non-concrete
characteristics.
Concepts as Feature Lists
• Defining Feature
- is a characteristic
present in ALL instances.
• Correlation Feature
is one that is present in
many positive instances but
not essential for concept
membership
Concepts as Prototypes
Prototype is an
idea or a visual
image of a
typical example.
It is usually formed
based on the
Positive instances
that learners
encounter most
often.
Concepts as Exemplars
Represents a
variety of
examples.
It allows learners
to know that an
example under a
concept may ha
ve variability.
Make Concept-learning Effective
• Provide a clear definition of the concept
• Make the defining features very concrete and
prominent
• Give a variety of positive instances
• Give negative instances
• Give a “best example” or prototype
• Provide opportunity for learners to identify
positive and negative instances
• Ask learners to think of their own example of
the concept
• Point out how concepts can be related to
each other
SCHEMA
&
SCRIPT
• Schema is an organized body of knowledge
about something. It is like a file of information
you hold in your mind about something. Like a
schema of what a teacher is.
• Script is a schema that includes a series of
predictable events of a specific activity.
APPLYING CONSTRUCTIVISM IN
FACILITATING LEARNING