SHEEL ROOF

TYPES OF THIN SHELL STRUCTURES

HISTORY
Shell construction began in the 1920s; the shell emerged as a major long-span concrete structure after World War II.
 Concrete Shell Structures -
A shell roof may be defined as a structural curved skin covering a given plan shape and area. Often cast as monolithic dome or stressed ribbon bridge or saddle roof

• Shells are primarily a structural element.

• Strength of any particular shell is inherent in its shape
• Quantity of material required to cover a given plan shape and area is generally less than other forms of roofing.

SHELLS
– Curved structures
– Capable of transmitting loads in more than two directions to supports
– The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression.
SHELL STRUCTURES
– keep their shape and support loads, even without a frame, or solid mass material
inside
– use a thin, carefully shaped, outer layer of material, to provide their strength and
rigidity.
THIN SHELL STRUCTURES  Lattice Shell Structures -
– Light weight constructions using shell elements Also called grid-shell structures Often in the form of a geodesic dome or a hyperboloid structure
– Typically curved elements
– Are assembled to large structures
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Fuselages of Aeroplanes Boat Hulls Roof Structures of some buildings  Membrane Structures –
Fabric structures and other tensile structures, cable domes, and pneumatic structures
THICKNESS OF SHELLS
• The thickness of the slab elements are normally governed by the number of layers of reinforcing
bars.
• For shells of double curvature, there are usually only two layers.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SHELL STRUCTURES

 CHOICE OF GEOMETRY
• A shell’s structural behaviour is derived directly from its form.
• Thus when designing a shell-like structure, the fundamental consideration is the choice of
geometry.
• This not only dictates the æsthetics, but the overall efficiency and behaviour under load of the
structural system.
 The basis for curved geometry, as discussed by Williams, can be sculptural, geometric or defined by a
natural physical process.

 THICKNESS
• It has a thickness smaller as compared to other dimensions
• Deformations in these dimensions are not large as compared to thickness

 STRENGTH
• Its shape spreads forces throughout the whole structure
• Every part supports only a small part of the load, giving it its strength

Vaibhav.b.p
3PD14AT034