Chapter 11

Section of Solids

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 Need for section planes
Invisible features of an object are shown by
dotted lines in their projected views. But when
such features are too many, these lines make
the views more complicated and difficult to
interpret.

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Need for section planes (cont..)
 In such cases, it is customary to imagine
the object as being cut through or
sectioned by planes.
 The part of the object between the cutting
plane and the observer is assumed to be
removed and the view is then shown in
section.
 This will help us in better understanding of
an object.

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 Section and Sectional View
Section plane is also called as
cutting plane
 The section is represented by thin
section lines uniformly spaced and
inclined at 45o to the cutting plane.
 The projection of the section along
with the remaining portion of the
object is called a sectional view.
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 Types of section planes
Parallel to VP and perpendicular to HP

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Parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP

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Perpendicular to both HP and VP

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Perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP
Auxiliary Vertical Plane (A.V.P.)

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Perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP
Auxiliary Inclined Plane (A.I.P.)

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Cut section used to be represented by

Single section plane Two section planes at

different angle

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 If the plan represents the section along with the
remaining object, then this plan is called as a
sectional plan or sectional top view.
And if the elevation represents the section along
with the remaining object, then this elevation is
called as a sectional elevation or sectional
front view.
• The section plane is denoted by a cutting
plane line. The arrows represent the direction
of an observer.
•
A A

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 Various types of sections
Cylinder

Circle
Rectangle Ellipse

Contd…
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Various types of sections
Sphere

Circle Ellipse Contd…

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 Various types of sections
cone

Isosceles Ellipse Parabola hyperbola

Circle
triangle

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A cube of 150 mm long edges is resting on its
base on ground with vertical faces equally
inclined to VP. It is cut by an AIP 45o to HP and
passing through the mid point of the axis. Draw a
sectional plan.

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A Pentagonal pyramid has base-edges 100 mm
and axis 150 mm long, is lying on the ground
on one of its triangular faces with the axis
parallel to VP. It is cut by a vertical section
plane (AVP) inclined 30o to VP and passing
through center of the base. Draw sectional
elevation.

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A cone with 150 mm diameter of the
base and axis 200 mm long rests on
ground on its base point with axis
60o to HP and parallel to VP. The
cone is cut by a horizontal section
plane passing through mid point of
the axis. Draw the sectional plan.

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 True shape of a Section
1. The projection of the section parallel to
the section plane will show the TS of
the section.
2. When the section plane is parallel to
the HP (or the ground), the true shape
of the section will be seen in the
sectional TV.
3. When it is parallel to the VP, the true
shape will be visible in the sectional
front view.
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4. When the section plane is perpendicular to
both the reference planes, the sectional
side view will show the true shape of the
section.

5. When the section plane is inclined, the

section has to be projected on an auxiliary
plane parallel to the section plane, to obtain
its true shape.

A single auxiliary technique is used to

find the TS of the section, as it is
convenient with the aid of AutoCAD
tool.
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 Exercise B (True shape of section)

The base of the TS of the section is

to be adjusted in the TS of the base
of the solid
And the height of the TS of the
section is to be adjusted in the other
view of the solid.

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A cylinder 150 mm diameter and 200 mm
height rests on ground in a vertical
position. It is cut by an AIP passing
through the mid point of the axis and 45o
to HP. Draw the sectional TV and TS of
the section.

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A square pyramid, base 150 mm side
and 200 mm height stands vertically on
ground with the edges of the base
equally inclined to the VP. The solid is
cut by a section plane, in such a way
that the sectional TV appears as an
isosceles triangle with base equal to
100 mm. Locate the section plane and
draw a sectional TV.

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A triangular prism 150 mm side and H =
200 mm stands on its base on the
ground with one of the face
perpendicular to VP. It is cut by an AIP
such that the TS of the section is an
isosceles triangle base = 100 mm and
maximum height. Locate the section
plane and find inclination of AIP with
HP. Draw a sectional TV.

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A cone base diameter 200 mm is resting
on its base on the ground. It is cut by an
AIP such that the true shape of the cut
section is an equilateral triangle with 175
mm side.
Draw the sectional view. Draw the
TS of the section by using appropriate
technique. Specify the height of the axis
of the cone by DIM mode.

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A pentagonal pyramid (base-edge 125 mm
and height 225 mm) is resting on its base on
the ground with one of the base-edge
perpendicular to VP. It is cut by an AIP such
that the true shape of the cut section is an
equilateral triangle with maximum side.
Draw the sectional view by removing the
smaller portion. Draw the TS of the section
by using appropriate technique. Specify the
base and height dimensions of the
equilateral triangle (TS) by DIM mode.

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