LIFT

WHAT IS LIFT?
The lift is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently movespeople or goods between
floors(levels decks of a building, vessel or other structure.
Generally powered by eletric motors that either drive cables hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston like a jack.

IMPORTANCE OF LIFT
•These are designed to move people from
ground floor to a sky lobby skipping several
floors in between at a high speed.
•Buildings are nowadays built vertically because
of high land cost.
•It is also provided as fire exit purpose.
•Provides comfort to people working in that
particular office building or organisation.
BASIC COMPONENT OF LIFT
Cabin: a lift unit designed for transportation of
persons and/or goods.
Shaft: a space in which the lift cabin moves. The
space is as a rule housed with pit bottom, walls
and ceiling.
Machine room: a room in which the drive unit (or
units) and the connected equipment are situated,
e.g. control elements.
Drive unit: a unit that contains motor that drives
a lift. In traction lifts it is so called traction
machine and in hydraulic ones it is a set with a
motor, pump and valve block.
T-guides: rigid elements that secure guiding of a
car frame and a cabin.
Car frame: a rigid construction that holds the car
and travels in the guides.
Counterweight: a separately guided mass that
partly counterbalances the cabin and secures
ropes pressure to a driving pulley.
Controller: a unit that controls the lift travel.
Piston: a lift component that uses a working
medium for a plane motion. The piston is
composed of a cylinder and a ram. There are also
single or multistage pistons so called telescopic.
 DIMENSIONS OF LIFT
• Headroom: a part of the shaft between the level of the highest stop and the shaft’s ceiling.
• Travel: the length of the cabin’s travel between level of the lowest and the highest stop.
• Pit: a part of the shaft below level of the lowest stop.
• Total shaft height Hs
Hs = Pit + Travel + Overhead

HEADROOM

TRAVEL

PIT

DESIGNING OF LIFT
Lifts designed for new buildings: The lifts of full dimensions of shaft, pit and headroom.
Lifts designed for existing buildings: Considering the shaft’s existing environment it is admissible to
reduce the pit or the headroom, however with use of additional safety devices for lift fitters and
maintenance technicians.
Lifts for disabled persons: The building regulations require adaptation of passenger lifts for disabled
persons. The basic requirements are minimum car dimensions (width x length) 1,1 m x 1,4 m, the door
width of 0,9 m, push buttons marked with the Braille alphabet and voice information.
 TYPE OF LIFT(according to function)
• Passenger Lifts
This is the most common type of lift and can be found in almost any type of building that has
more than six floors. Passenger lifts come in different sizes that correspond to specific
passenger loads.
• Cargo Lifts
Cargo lifts are used to transport heavy items away and are often dedicated for this function
to cut down on foot traffic. Cargo lifts are common in commercial establishments such as
stores, restaurants and offices and are installed on a different shaft away from common work
areas. Service lifts come with basic interiors but are designed to carry heavier loads
compared to typical lifts.
• Double-purpose Lifts
Double purpose lifts are designed for both passenger and cargo. Common in residential
buildings, hospitals and office-buildings, these lifts are often wide and have large capacities
to suit different types of loads. They are also often-designed to accommodate handicapped
passengers which means they come with features like non-slip floors, handicap-friendly
support bars and easy-to-reach emergency systems.
• Residential Lifts
Also called domestic lifts, these are designed to move passengers among different floors in a
residential setting and are built either inside or outside the home. Residential elevators are
smaller than regular elevators and are often built to accommodate up to three people at a
time. A special type of residential lift is the stairway lift which is common in homes where
someone in the family has a problem with independent mobility. This type of lift is installed
along an existing staircase and follows the shape of the stairs. It can also be constructed
inside or outside the home and can be remotely controlled.
• Custom Lifts
Also called bespoke lifts, these are designed according to a specific purpose or need.
Bespoke lifts are often favored by private users who want elevators that are designed
• according to specific needs, such as private handicapped users who live in multi-
story residences. Bespoke lifts are also called such because the interior design can
also be custom-made.
• Lifts According to Height
Lifts may also be categorized according to building height. Hydraulic lifts are commonly
found in low-rise buildings or those that have a maximum of three stories. Hydraulic
lifts are named such because they use an underground hydraulic cylinder. Mid-rise
buildings or those that have up to eleven stories typically use geared elevators. High-
rise buildings are suited for gear-less traction lifts.
• These are the most common types of lifts that suit the needs of a building and the
people using it. To ensure that the lift is safe and can provide the service needed by a
building and its passengers, work with a reputable lift contractor who can cater to your
specific design and function requirements.

• CLASSIFICATION OF LIFT
Hydraulic lift
DEFINITION: A hydraulic lift is a type of machine that uses a hydraulic apparatus to
lift or move objects using the force created when pressure is exerted on liquid in a
piston. Force th Function
• APPLICATION: Hydraulic lift technology has a multitude of industrial
applications, like construction and transport. It is often implemented
to operate heavy machinery or to move and lift heavy and large
objects like cars, dirt and shipping containers.
• WORKING PRINCIPLE: it works on the principle of hydraulic. Moves
by action of steel plunger lift which installed under the car

TRACTION LIFT
Traction lifts are the oldest and most versatile type of lift. They
basically consist of a lift car and a counterweight attached to
separate ends of a cable which travel over a large pulley wheel called
a Sheave at the top of the lift shaft.
The counterweight and the lift are intended to balance each other
out which means that only a small amount of power is needed to
move the lift car up and down. When the lift car goes up, the
counterweight goes down and vice versa.
Traction elevators are faster compared to their hydraulic counterparts. This makes the traction units
much more suitable for higher-rising, modern buildings. They also offer smoother and more
comfortable rides compared to hydraulic systems.
Another advantage is that these units are much more energy efficient. This is because they use
counterweight for balancing the cab’s weight. On the other hand, the hydraulic unit requires pushing
the cab.
But the traction system also has its cons too. They can be a harder to provide maintenance and care
because the controls are installed within the shaft headroom, which is not easily accessible.
But this problem is addressed in traction units that use magnetic synchronous motor in place of the
machine room.
• Is a Hydraulic Lift or Traction Lift Best for your
Building?
• When installing a new lift there are many things to consider. As well as deciding on
the colour scheme, whether to have a full or half height mirror, whether you would
like it to serve passengers or goods etc, one main consideration is which type of lift
you should have. Read on for more information on hydraulic lifts and traction lifts.
• How They Work
• A hydraulic lift is a lift that gets power through an electronic pump which then
transmits hydraulic fluid to a jack. The piston at the base of the lift pushes the lift up
and down.
• A traction lift, on the other hand, moves up and down the shaft using ropes and
sheaves with a counterweight to balance the load.
• Although both types of lifts achieve the same result – moving goods and/or people TRACTION LIFT
from one floor to another – there are a number of factors which must be considered
when choosing which type of lift is most suitable for a particular building.
• Price
• One way in which the two types of lifts differ is in price; hydraulic lifts are typically
cheaper than traction which is often a deciding factor in which type of lift to choose.
• Energy
• In terms of energy usage, traction lifts are generally more energy efficient. This is
due to differences in the way the two types of lifts work. In hydraulic lifts the pump
works against gravity to push the car and its contents upwards; this energy is lost
when the car descends on its own weight. Traction lifts, on the other hand, do not
use as much energy due to the counterweight. It counterbalances the load of the
car, reducing the amount of weight that needs to be lifted.
Space
Traditionally, a differing factor between the two types of lifts is the space required for installation. This made
hydraulic lifts more suitable in some applications as traction lifts components tend to be bulky. Over recent
years there has been the introduction of machine room-less lifts (MRL’s). These tend to be traction, with the
machine on top of the lift instead of in its own separate motor room.
Speed
Hydraulic lifts are not able to go as fast as traction.
Hydraulic lift speeds tend to peak at around 1 metre per second, whereas traction lifts can go up to 2.5
metres per second. This is partly why traction lifts are more suitable for the use in high-rise buildings of more
than 6 floors.

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF LIFT
 SIZE OF LIFT
Sizes varies
6 persons-450kg
10 persons-800kg
13 persons-1000kg
33 person-2500 kg