Outcome 9:

Be acquainted with all common analogue

and digital devices for data presentation.
Data Presentation Elements/ Classification:
Classification of data presentation elements
a) Display elements
b) Recorders
c) Printers
Analogue Display (indicators)
Use scale and needle(pointer) type arrangement to display the value of
measured parameter
basically a current operated device , working on d’ Arsonal type galvanometer
principle
Example: Pointer-scale indicator
Can be achieved either by moving pointer – fixed scale indicators or
by moving scale fixed pointer indicator
Digital Display
Indicates the value of measured in the form of decimal number.
Works on the principle of quantization
Digital display enables to show
i) character (alphanumeric= alphabetical + numerical
information)
ii) graphic (line diagrams, graphs, waveforms, bar charts, etc.,)
In digital electronic field , commonly used display are
i) Light emitting diode, LED
ii) Cathode ray tube, CRT
iii) Liquid Crystal, LC
iv) Electro-luminescence, EL
S.no Display Advantages Disadvantages Applications
devices
1 CRTs  Bright  Bulky  Large display
 Efficient  High voltage  Group viewing
 Uniform  High initial cost
 High
reliability
2 LEDs  Bright  High cost per element  Indicators and
 Efficient  Limited reliability small displays
 Small size  Low switching speed  Individual viewing
 Compatible
with ICs
3 LCDs  Low power  Limited  Indicators and
 Low cost temperature range small displays
element  Limited reliability  Individual viewing
 Good  A.C operation
contrast necessary
 Compatible  Low switching
with ICs speed

4 ELs  Low cost  Not compatible  Indicator and small

element with ICs display
 Many
columns
Recorders
A recorder records electrical & non-electrical quantities as a function of
time.
This record may be written or printed and can be examined and
analyzed to obtain a better understanding and control of the processes
Types
Paper chart – to record information
Stylus- writing instrument
Graphic recorders
Display and store a pen-and-ink record of the history of some physical
event.
i) Strip Chart Recorders
ii) X-Y Recorders
Oscillographic recorders:
Oscillographic Recorders used in the measurement, recording and
analysis of signals.
Magnetic tape recorders:
The practice of recording and editing audio using magnetic
tape rapidly
Printers
An external hardware device responsible for taking computer data and generating
a hard copy of that data. Printers are used to print text and images on the paper.
Impact printers
These printers have a mechanism that touches the paper to create an
image.
These printers work by hitting a print head containing a number of metal
pins which strike an inked ribbon placed between the print head and the
paper.
Non-impact printers
These printers create an image on the print medium without the use of
force.
They don’t touch the paper while creating an image.
Non-impact printers are much quieter than impact printers as they don’t
strike the paper