INTRODUCTION TO

ENGINEERING STATISTICS
Berry Yuliandra, M.T.
DEFINITION
Statistics is:
Branch of applied mathematichs that deals with data
collection, tabulation, analysis, interpretation and
presentation.

“Those who ignore statistics are

STATISTIC
condemned to reinvent it”
S
(Bradley Efron)
“Politicians use statistics like
DESCRIPTIVE drunkards use lampposts: not for
illumination, but for support”
INFERENTIAL (Hans Kuhn)
“There are two kinds of statistics,
the kind you look up and the kind
you make up”
(Archie Goodwin)
 DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics
Examples:
consist of procedures used to
Table, Diagram, and Chart
summarize and describe the
important characteristics of a
set of measurements.

Charts of Website Daily Visitor Charts of Website Visitors

by Age

Using Descriptive Statistics, a set of data can be

presented briefly and orderly. Information also can be
obtained from existing data set.
 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Inferential Statistics consist of
procedures used to make
inference about population
characteristics from information
obtained in a sample drawn
from this population.
Normal Distribution usually
used in hypothesis testing
Example:
A businessman wants to
know the ABC battery life by
taking multiple batteries as
samples to estimate how
long the overall ABC battery
life. (population)
Conclusion drawing from
inference statistics only
based on sample, making it
susceptible to uncertainty
and error.
Knowledge of Probability
Theory is essential in using
statistical inference methods.
 DATA
Data is:
o Part of information
o Value of an information
Data generally do not
have a concrete value,
while the information
already has a concrete
meaning
Example:
• 50 cm  data (part or
value of the information,
not concrete)
• The lenght of tensile test
specimen is 50 cm 
information (concrete)
Statistics data related to:
o Measured/ observed Object
Ex.: people, machine, product
o Measured/ observed Atribut
Ex.: height (people), life
(machine), weight (product)
Atribut has unit, such as:
People height  meter
Machine life  hour
Product weight  kilogram
QUANTITATIVE
DATA
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Data that can be measured or assessed by numbers
Contoh: Tensile test data of steel material
Statistics test scores data
 QUALITATIVE DATA
Data that can not be measured or assessed with
numbers directly.
Qualitative data shows condition or characteristics of
object observed.

Example:
Public opinion data on service system of a workshop.
These data can be expressed in Likert Scale:
5 = “Strongly Agree”
4 = “Agree”
3 = “Neutral”
2 = “Disagree”
1 = “Strongly Disagree”
HOW TO COLLECT
DATA?
SURVEY

Collect data through list of questions with answers choice

given to respondents.
Survey can be:
 Written (Questionner)
 Oral (Interview)

REVIEW

Collect data from existing sources or literature.

OBSERVATION

Collect data from observation or experiment.

 POPULATION & SAMPLE
Population is: Sample is:
The set of all A subset of
measurement of measurements selected
interest to the from the population of
investigator interest

Population characteristics can be obtained by studying

sample. However, because those characteristics only based on
subset measurement, it susceptible to uncertainty and error,
making knowledge of Probability Theory become essential
in studying statistics.

Example: proses characteristics of bolt production can be

obtained by testing/ measuring 10 sample from total daily bolt
production (200.000 bolt).
 PARAMETER
Parameter is:
Numerical descriptive measures associated with
a popultion of measurements.
Examples of parameter are: mean, varian, modus, etc.
o Mean
Equal to the sum of the
measurements divided x1  x 2  ...  x n 1 n
by number of
measurements.
x
n

n i 1
 xi
Contoh:
Mean of steel tensile
strenght from 10
sampel is 43 kgf/cm² 2
 n

o Variance
n
  xi  n n
Value represent the  
measurement of
 xi 
2 i 1

n
 ( xi  x ) 2
 xi2  nx 2
s 2  i 1  i 1  i 1
variability n 1 n 1 n 1
Contoh:
Variance of steel tensile
TASK
Design a survey and specify
qualitative and quantitative data
which will be obtained from the
survey