THE

ACADEMIC
WRITING
STYLE
Given the picture, write a set of directions for the
following persons who need to get to the
entrance of the building:
1.a five-year-old girl
2. a man on a wheelchair
3. a deaf woman
4. a 90 year old woman

*note that the persons reading your directions

cannot seek assistance from other people and
should reach their goals on their own
Guide Questions
1. What were your difficulties in writing instructions
for your audience?
2. Do you think the recipients of your instructions
will safely get to their destination? What difficulties
do you think they will encounter and how can
these be addressed?
3. If you can improve your set of directions, what
revisions can you make?
Writing is a form of communication that is shaped
by the following factors:
1. Topic What is the text about? What details
am I imparting to the readers?
2. Role -Who am I as a writer? Do I write as a sibli
ng? A student? A son/a daughter? A
customer?
3. Purpose Why-am I writing this in the first place?
4. Audience -Who is reading this piece? What
knowledge does he/she need to understand in my
Think and Share
Think of an SMS personal message in your
social networking account or e-mail that was
missent to you. Reflect on the details that
made you realize that you were not the
intended recipient of the message.
Examine the three texts below and fill out
the table that follows. Together with two
classmates, discuss your findings and when
called upon, present your observations to
the class.
Excerpt 1
Recent research on learner-centered education and qualitative inquiry into
student cognition have indicated the importance of students’
processing of concepts to metaphor analysis can be attributed the
growth of applied linguistic research happening today. The present
investigation is anchored on metaphorical analysis espoused by
Lakoff and Johnson (1980). Attempts to draw images associated with diffe
rent mathematical operations of grade pupils in the Philippines.
For systematic sampling, the data used in the analysis were drawn
from the journal entries of 35 students written over three months. The
investigation reveals the different metaphorical images associated
with four mathematical Operations. Moreover, strategies for
independent learning and applied linguistic methods to improve cognition
are suggested. (Valdez & Villorente-Saulo, 20l 4, p. T38)
Excerpt 1
Recent research on learner-centered education and qualitative inquiry into
student cognition have indicated the importance of students’
processing of concepts to metaphor analysis can be attributed the
growth of applied linguistic research happening today. The present
investigation is anchored on metaphorical analysis espoused by
Lakoff and Johnson (1980). Attempts to draw images associated with diffe
rent mathematical operations of grade pupils in the Philippines.
For systematic sampling, the data used in the analysis were drawn
from the journal entries of 35 students written over three months. The
investigation reveals the different metaphorical images associated
with four mathematical Operations. Moreover, strategies for
independent learning and applied linguistic methods to improve cognition
are suggested. (Valdez & Villorente-Saulo, 20l 4, p. T38)
 Excerpt 1 Excerpt 2 Excerpt 3
Abstract Comic Strip Poster
Purpose

Conversational
or technical
language used
Audience

Role of the
Artist/writer
In your learning log, write a reflection on the
importance of considering the purpose,
audience, and your own role in writing a text.
Thank you for listening!