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6. Cigarette smoking
7. Substance abuse
8. Douching
Mode of transmission
• 2 stages of PID:
• acquisition of a vaginal or cervical infection
• direct ascent of micro-organisms from the
vagina and cervix
Mode of transmission
• Ascending infection (Canalicular spread)
• Ascend of gonococcal & chlamydial organisms by surface
extension from the lower genital tract through the cervical
canal by way of the endometrium to the fallopian tubes
• Facilitated by the sexually transmitted vectors such as
sperms & trichomonads
Endometritis
Salpingitis
Oophoritis
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Peritonitis
Cont…
• Involvement of the fallopian tubes is almost bilateral
• Pathological process is initiated primarily in the endosalpinx
• It usually follows menses due to loss of genital defense
• Hydrosalpinx or Pyosalpinx
• Possibilities
Oophoritis
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Peritonitis
Pelvic abscess
or
Resolution in 2-3 weeks with/without chronic sequelae
Symptoms
• lowner abdominal pain
• aabnormal vaginal discharge
• abnormal uterine bleedingg
• dysuria
• nausea
• vomiting
• fever
Management
Organism Antibiotics