m Introduction

m Impact of History
m Different Networks
m Reason for New Research
m Comparisons
m Advantage
m Disadvantage
m Future Outlook
m Conclusion
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m implest type to wireless data.
m Average peed between 4800 to 9600 bps.
m Analog
m Continuous in amplitude and time.
m Variations in the signal- disrupts over long
distances.
m This technology was introduced in the 80·s and
continued until being replaced by the 2G
digital phones
a

m Gireless telecommunication technology
m This Facilitates the voice calls and sending text
messages.
m Different 1G standards were used in various
countries.

p 

m Require more battery power
m Digital ²consists of 1s and 0s.
m Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings.
m Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery power.
m CODEC introduction -program that encodes
and decodes digital data stream or signal.
m Translates data from digital to analog and vice
versa.
a

m The lower power emissions helped address health concerns.
m Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data
services, such as   and email.
m Enhanced privacy

p 

m 2G's digital signals
m Cell towers had a limited coverage area
m Jagged Decay curve
m Abrupt dropped calls
m Analog ²gradual sound reduction
.
m Œarge capacity and broadband capabilities
m Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile
systems and up to 2 bps‡
m Global Roaming.
a

m Increased spectrum efficiency ²5 hz
m A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth.
m High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G.
m High input fees for the 3G service licenses
m Great differences in the licensing terms
m Current high debt of many telecommunication
companies, making it more of a challenge to
build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
m Government are forced to support to the
financially troubled operators
m 3G phones are expensive
m Œack of 2G mobile user buy-in for 3G wireless
service
m Œack of coverage because it is still a new
service.
m High-peed data access

m High-quality streaming video

m Combination of Gi-Fi and Gi- ax

m DR, OFD , OFD A and I O

4 Œimitation to meet expectations of applications like
multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing
4 Gider Bandwidth
4 Difficult to move and interoperate due to different
standards hampering global mobility and service portability
4 Primarily Cellular (GAN) with distinct ŒANs·; need a new
integrated network
4 Œimitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more
efficient modulation schemes
4 Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged
video and data
G  

m Fourth Generation Technology
m Faster and more reliable
m 100 b/s (802.11g wireless = 54 b/s, 3G = 2 b/s)
m Œower cost than previous generations
m ulti-standard wireless system
m Bluetooth, Gired, Gireless (802.11x)
m Ad Hoc Networking
m IPv6 Core
m OFD used instead of CD A
m Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
m ost information is proprietary
m AT & T

m print-Nextel
m Increase in Data peed-Indoors&Outdoors
m Decrease in Congestion Risk
m Real time streaming of Audio&Video
m Better Quality
m High ecurity
m All types of ervices
m Affordable Cost
ï    

Data Transfer Rate 3.1 B/sec 100 B/sec

Internet ervices Broadband Ultrabroadband

obile-TV Resolution Œow High

Bandwidth 5-20 Hz 100+ Hz

Frequency 1.6-2 GHZ 2-8 GHZ

Network Architecture Gide Area Network Hybrid Network

m £ultimedia
m anytime obile anywhere
m
lobal obility upport
m 6ntegrated Gireless olution
m ÷ustomized Personal ervice
m Battery usage is more

m Hard to implement

m Need complicated hardware

ocio-Economic Impact
m ore affordable communication services
m One device can communicate with all vs. many devices
communicating with some devices
m TV, internet, phone, radio, home environment sensors
all reachable through one device the cell phone
m treaming HD video
m Too connected?
m Increase in social networking, invasion of privacy,
security concerns.
m 4G is coming quicker

m Gireless is cheaper
m High peed, Capacity, low cost per bit

m ingle worldwide cellular network

ï

 Abhishek Jagwani
 Anusha Khan
 Dhaval hah
 Kailash otwani
 Kanchan Ahuja
 Neha Punjabi
 anjay Bhatia