1

Contents 2

 Introduction
 Ozone- Depleting substances
 Background in Nepal
 Institutional Mechanism
 Policies and Legislation
 Activities for Monitoring ODS
 Present Status
 Refrences
Introduction 3

 ozone layer - a belt of naturally occurring ozone gas that sits 15 to

30 km above Earth
 serves as a shield from the harmful ultraviolet B radiation emitted
by the sun
 is deteriorating due to the release of pollution containing the
chemicals chlorine and bromine
 deterioration allows large amounts of ultraviolet B rays to reach
Earth,
 which can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans and harm
animals as well
Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) 4

 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
 most widely used ODS
 accounting for over 80% of total stratospheric ozone depletion
 used as coolants in refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners
 found in industrial solvents, dry-cleaning agents and hospital sterilants
 also used in foam products- such as soft-foam padding and rigid foam
 Halons
 used in some fire extinguishers
 cause greater damage to the ozone layer than do CFCs from automobile
air conditioners
Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) 5

 Methyl Chloroform
 used mainly in industry -vapour degreasing, some aerosols, cold
cleaning, adhesives and chemical processing
 Carbon Tetrachloride
 used in solvents and some fire extinguishers
 Hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
 transitional substitutes for CFCs
 less harmful to stratospheric ozone than CFCs
 but still cause some ozone destruction and are potent greenhouse gases
Background in Nepal 6

 Upon the discovery that CFCs and other human-made substances

are leading to a depletion of the ozone layer,
 In 1985 the international community agreed upon the Vienna
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
 Following this, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer was adopted in 1987
 With the objective of reducing and phasing out the production and
consumption of ozone depleting substances
 Nepal approved to the Montreal Protocol on 6 April 1990 and
came into force on 4 October 1994
Institutional Mechanism 7

 The Ministry of Environment, (MoE) was designated as a focal

ministry
 The MoE and the Ministry of Industry started working in close
coordination
 The MoE established the coordination with the Convention
Secretariat and necessary organizations
 The Nepal Bureau of Standard and Metrology (NBSM) was
designated as an implementing agency
 A National Ozone Unit (NOU) was established in NBSM with
the responsibility of implementing and monitoring the Ozone
Depleting Substances (ODU)
Policies and Legislation 8

 Notice on Annual Consumption, Import Quantity and Phase-out

Rates of Ozone Depleting Substances, 2001.
 Ozone Depleting Substance Consumption (Control) Rules, 2001.
 Procedures, Conditions and Specifications, Quantitative Standard
and Annual Phase-out Rates for Import of the Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS), 2001.
Activities for Monitoring ODS 9

 Refrigerant Management Plan (RMP)

 CFC Monitoring Plan
 Terminal Phase-out Management Plan (TPMP) and
 Development of HCFC Phase-out Management plan (HPMP)
 Activities for Monitoring ODS 10

CFC Phase-out Plan:

Year(AD) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

CFC-11 & 29.05 26 23 20 17 14 11 8 5 2 0

CFC-12 8
(Metric Ton)
 Activities for Monitoring ODS 11

HCFC Phase out Schedule for Nepal:

Schedule Nepal HCFC Phase Out Target
Baseline 23.04 MT
Freeze at baseline 2011
10% Reduction 2015 (20.736 MT)
20% Reduction 2017 (18.43MT)
50% Reduction 2020 (11.52 MT)
60% Reduction 2022 (9.26 MT)
97.5% Reduction 2025 (0.576 MT) (except 2.5 % for
servicing use until 2030)
100% Reduction 2030
Present Status 12

 Nepal has addressed non-compliance issues in a very remarkable

manner
 To adhere strictly to the plan of action and controlled distribution of
the stockpiled CFCs into the domestic market.
 Taken significant steps to control and phase-out its CFC consumption
 Improved cross-border coordination with countries also engaged in
CFC production
 Creation of awareness among importers of refrigeration and air
conditioning equipment and control of such imports.
 Establishment of the National Ozone Unit
Control of Ozone Layer Depletion 13

 Limit private vehicle driving

 Use eco-friendly household cleaning products
 Avoid using pesticides in large scales
 Banning the use of dangerous nitrous oxide
Refrences 14

 http://ozone.unep.org/Meeting_Documents/research-
mgrs/8orm/Nepal.pdf
 http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nep100344.pdf
 http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=1315#.Vui8S-J97IU
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion
15