Presentation on

MICROPHONES

PRESENTED BY:
TAYYAB ALI
ROLL # 18

PRESENTED TO:
SIR MUHAMMAD SAQIB
 Microphone

• Microphone is a type of acoustic transducer or

• sensor.
A microphone, is an acoustic-to-electrical transducer
or sensor that converts sound in air into an electrical
signal.

Microphone Frequency Response:

• A microphone ability to hear tones (high and low) across the
audible spectrum.
• The human ear can hear the range of 20Hz (low bass notes)
20,000Hz (high
to
notes).
 Overview of a Microphone

• Diaphragm—part of microphone which receives the

vibration from sound waves.
• Thickness and material of diaphragm are
depending on the sound waves you wish to pick up.
changed
 How it works
 Electrical circuit is used to change
detected
these vibrations into an electrical signal
that “images” the sound with an output
voltage or current.
 Carbon Button Microphone

• Diaphragm: Thin Metal

Plat
• The
e diaphragm
connected to a button full
is
of carbon granules.
• Sound pressure
the resistance through the
changes
button by compressing/
decompressing the carbon
by pushing the diaphragm.
 Dynamic Microphones

• Diaphragm:
• Plastic
Dynamic mic consist of a diaphragm suspended in front of a
magnet to which a coil of wire is attached.
• The coil sits in the gaps of the magnet. Vibrations of the
diaphragm make the coil move in the gap causing an AC to
flow
• Durable design and versatile
use.
• A reverse of a loudspeaker.
• No need of power.
Loudspeake
r
 Condenser microphone
• Condenser is the British word for capacitor.
• Diaphragm: Thin metal strip suspended next to a charged electric
plate.
• In a condenser microphone, the diaphragm is one side of a
capacitor which moves in reaction to changes in a sound field.
• Since the two plates are charged, the motion changes the voltage
between the two plates and these voltage changes induce electron
flow.
• Condenser mic’s require some sort of external power source
battery
(a or “phantom power”)
• Because the diaphragm is very light, condenser mic’s can have
highly detailed response and tend to be much more sensitive than
a
a dynamic mic
 Dynamic vs. Condense
Dynamic Condenser
Rugged/Durable Delicate/Sensitive

Does not need power; no Needs Power

“self-noise” Has Self-Noise
Less sensitive - lower output More sensitive - higher
- needs more amplification; output - needs less
amplification;
less prone to overload more detailed sound;
distortion - can withstand better frequency response;
higher SPL’s;

Generally cheaper Generally more expensive

 Ribbon Microphone

• Diaphragm: Thin piece of metal

(usually aluminum) foil
suspended in a magnetic field.
• Vibrations in ribbon produce
samall voltage which is then
stepped up by a transformer.
• Diaphragm is very
damaged by wind or
easily loud
incoming sounds.
 Microphone Pickup Patterns
 Pickup patterns help to reduce unwanted signal from
getting pickups
 Popular patterns: Monodirectional, Bidirectional,
Cardioid, and Omnidirectional

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 20

Types of Microphone

• Handheld Microphone
• Lavaliere (Tie-Pin)
Microphone
• Surface Mount Microphone
• Shotgun Microphone
• Wireless Microphone System
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Accessories

• Wind screen / Pop filter:

“popping”
reduces caused by low
overloadingfrequencies
the mic. Breath or wind
may cause noise and/or
• Types: Foam cover or
pops.
Screen
• Shock Mount: Reduces
mechanical vibrations from the mic
unwanted
stand into the microphone body.
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Applications
• Telephones,
• Hearing aids,
• Public address systems for concert halls and public
events,
• Motion picture production,
• Live and recorded audio engineering,
• Two-way radios
• Megaphones, radio and television broadcasting
• In computers for recording voice, speech recognition
“THANK YOU
YOU”