Graph of f1(t) Graph of f2(t)
Differences between the graphs
Y = 100sin 𝑤𝑡 + 50 sin 10𝑤𝑡
• The overall time period = 2 /w
• Global maxima = 148.793 for
w=0.05
• Global minima = -148.793 for
w=0.05
• We see from the graph that local
maxima and minima take both
positive and negative values.
Y = 10sin 𝑤𝑡 + 20 sin 10𝑤𝑡
• The overall time period = 2 /w
• Global maxima = 29.2877 for
w=0.05
• Global minima = -29.2877 for
w=0.05
• We see from the graph that the
local maxima is never negative
and local minima is never
positive.
Few points to note:
• In the previous slide we see that on increasing the w(frequency) value
the graph gets contracted.
• The time period for sin(wt) is 2 /w which is multiple of & greater than
that for sin(10wt) {2 /10w}. Thus the time period of linear
combination of these two is the larger time period.
• Global maxima and minima depends on the value of w.
• The coefficients of these sine functions denote the amplitudes of
those functions.
• We see that the local maxima and minima of both the graphs occurs
simultaneously(since w is same for both the graphs)
Solution Question-2
ITEM (X) Frequency (f) Deviation( d=X-X̄) d^2 Z
2 32 -1.946 3.786 4.3730
3 100 -2.946 8.678 6.6202
4 116 -3.946 15.570 8.8674
5 168 -4.946 24.462 11.1146
6 212 -5.946 35.354 13.3618
7 220 -6.946 48.246 15.6090
8 184 -7.946 63.138 17.8526
9 156 -8.946 80.030 20.1034
10 116 -9.946 98.922 22.3056
11 88 -10.964 19.814 24.5978
12 48 -11.946 142.706 26.8449
Total ∑x=87 ∑f=1440 ∑d^2=640.706

mean(X̄)=∑Xi fi /∑fi= 10060/1440= 6.98

Standard deviation(σ)=sqrt(∑d^2/(∑f-1)=sqrt(640.706/1439)=0.667
Normal distribution curve
For the confidence of 99%, we have Zc/2=Z0.495=2.575
X̄-Z0.495 (σ/ √n)< μ< X̄+Z0.495 (σ/ √n)
True mean(μ)=6.98 ±2.575(0.667/√1440)= 6.98± 0.045
 3rd Question
Assuming a Gaussian normal distribution for the given data:
Approximation for the mean (μ)=
(40.8+40.30+39.60+39.50+40.40+40.1+39.80+39.90+40.50+40.80+39.70+40.00+39.80+40.10)/14
=40.09
Approximation for the standard deviation
(𝑆𝑥 )=
(40.8 +40.30 + 39.60 + 39.50 + 40.40 + 40.1 + 39.802 + 39.902 + 40.502 + 40.802 + 39.702 + 40.002 + 39.802 + 40.102 − 14 ∗ 37.232 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
/13
=.4178
95 % Confidence interval for population mean=
𝑆𝑥 𝑆𝑥
40.09 - 𝑡α/2,ν * < μ < 40.09 + 𝑡α/2,ν *
𝑛 𝑛
ν=n-1=13
α=1-c=.05
𝑡α/2,ν = 2.160
.4178 .4178
40.09 – 2.160 * < μ < 40.09 + 2.160 *
14 14
39.84 < μ < 40.33
• 𝐻𝑜 : d=40cm
• 𝐻𝑎 : d>=40cm
ҧ 0
𝑥−𝑢 40.09−40
𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑝 = Τ = = .806
𝑠𝑥 𝑛 .4178Τ 14
𝑡𝛼,𝜈 = 𝑡0.01,13 = 2.650
Since this is a right tailed test and 𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑝 falls in the do not reject 𝐻𝑜
region, we conclude that the 99% confidence level that that the mean
inner diameter was not significantly different than 40 cm.