CONCORD AND AGREEMENT

• Apabila subyek singular (tunggal), maka

verb/auxiliary tunggal
• Apabila subyek plural (jamak), maka
verb/auxiliary jamak
• Contoh: He comes there
T T
They come there
J J
 1. Subjects and verbs must agree
in number.
• Singular subject = singular verb
• Plural subject = plural verb
• Cow= singular, eats= singular
• Ducks= plural, quack= plural
• *Hint*= SVS- singular verbs have an S
• Singular yes?- the verb has an “S”!
• Singular no? The “S” has to go!
2. Don’t get confused by the words
that come between the subject and
verb.

The detective who was called to the case

is usually very good.
3. Prepositional phrases between
the subject and verb usually do
not affect the agreement.

The biker in this race is very competitive.

The bikers in this race are very competitive.

 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
ATURAN – ATURAN DALAM CONCORD
• Bila subyek mempunyai dua noun yang
dihubungkan dengan preposisi/kata depan of, in, on,
at, maka verb yang mengikuti bisa jamak bisa juga
tunggal tergantung noun di depan preposisi
Contoh:
- Different interpretations on the same event
by various newspapers make readers confused
and angry.
- A period of eight hours is not enough to finish
this assignment.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila subyek mempunyai dua noun yang
dihubungkan oleh together with, accompanied
by, dan as well as, a long with bisa diikuti verb
jamak maupun tunggal, tergantung noun depan.
Contoh:
- The minister together with the wives and
children attends the meeting.
- The minister s together with the wives and
children attend the meeting.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila subyek; the number of + verb tunggal.
Contoh: The number of students does the
exam
- Bila subyek: a number of + verb jamak
Contoh: A number of students do the
exam
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila subyek: everyone, everybody, somebody,
someone, something, no one/none, nothing, no
body, anyone, anybody, anything + verb tunggal
→ kata ganti jamak.
Keterangan: kata – kata di atas diikuti oleh verb
tunggal tetapi kata gantinya jamak.
Contoh:
- Everyone likes her. They are happy.
- Nobody knows their faults.
 Most indefinite pronouns take
singular verbs.

one body thing

someone somebody something
anyone anybody anything
No one nobody nothing
everyone everybody everything

Little One * Everybody is happy.

Another Neither * No one has a dime.
Much Either * Nothing was going to help.
Each
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila subyek: each of, each, every, neither/
neither of, one of, either/ either of + verb
tunggal.
Contoh: Each of students studies hard.
• Bila subyek menyatakan jumlah jarak, waktu,
uang, berat, volume + verb tunggal
Contoh:
- One hundred dollars is expensive for this
hat
- Two hours is not enough to do the test.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila subyek: benda – benda sepasang
seperti shoes, trousers, glasses, socks,
scissors + verb jamak.
Contoh: His glasses are nice.
• Bila subyek: Gerund dan kata benda yang
dianggap abstrak + verb tunggal
Contoh: Swimming is her hobby.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila subyek: judul buku, cerita film + verb
tunggal
Contoh: Romeo and Juliet is a good story.
• Bila subyek: benda – benda berbentuk
jamak berikut ini diikuti verb tunggal:
billiards, dominos, cards + verb tunggal
Contoh: Billiards is an interesting game.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Kata benda kolektif berikut ini bisa diikuti verb
tunggal maupun jamak: team, staff, family, jury,
village. Dianggap tunggal bila dilihat
kesatuannya. Dianggap jamak bila
dititikberatkan pada anggota – anggotanya.
Contoh:
- The staff is slim. It is composed of five
members. (mengacu pada kesatuannya)
- The staff are strong. They are always ready
to join the competition. (mengacu pada
anggota – anggotanya/ bermakna orang)
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Kesesuaian antara pronoun (kata ganti)
dengan antecedent (kata atau bagian
kalimat yang mendahului kata ganti).
Contoh:
- John loves his daughter very much
(his:John)
- Stephen and Sandra love their children.
(their: Stephen and Sandra)
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Bila kata ‘either’ diikuti oleh ‘or’ dan ‘neither’ diikuti
oleh ‘nor’, maka kata kerja/verb dan auxiliary-nya
mungkin tunggal atau jamak bergantung pada kata
setelah ‘or’ atau ‘nor’ tunggal atau jamak. Kalaupun
kata ‘or’ atau ‘nor’ berdiri sendiri verb/ auxiliary-nya
tetap ditentukan oleh kata setelah ‘or’ atau ‘nor’.
Contoh:
- Neither Novi nor Vivi is going to class today.
- Either Novi or Wiwit is going to the beach
today.
- Either Novi nor her friends are going to class
today.
- Novi or Vivi is going to class today.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Kata hubung ‘and’ menghubungkan pemakaian
jenis dan bentuk kata yang setara, misalnya
gerund dengan gerund, klausa dengan
klausa,noun dengan noun, adjective dengan
adjective, frase dengan frase, dst.
Contoh:
- Debby enjoys playing on the beach and
swimming in the ocean.
- I know Dean as a loyal employee and hard
worker.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Subyek yang terbentuk dari kata benda
yang tak dapat dihitung (uncountable
noun) harus dianggap singular.
Contoh:
- The meat has a lot of fat.
- The news of Sapti’s marriage is
surprising many boys.
 CONCORD AND AGREEMENT
• Nama – nama cabang ilmu ini berikut ini harus
dianggap singular: mathematics, physics,
mechanics, statistics, politics, economics, optics,
phonetics + verb tunggal
Contoh:
- Economics is a social science.
- Politics has become a favourite subject.
• Untuk kata – kata all, no, half sangat mengacu
kepada kata yang ditekankan.
Contoh:
- No motorcycle is expensive
- No motorcycle are expensive
When the subject is all, any, more, most,
none, or some, this is the ONLY time you
must look at the object of the prepositional
phrase to determine whether it is singular
or plural.
• All of the chickens have laid eggs.
QuickTi me™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi ctur e.

• Some of the milk has spilled.

QuickTi me™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi ctur e.