Diode circuit with filter

CTM
 The Choke –Input Filter
• AC source produces current in the inductor, capasitor and
resistor and its depend on inductive reactance (𝑋𝐿 =
2𝜋𝑓𝑙), capasitive reactance (𝑋𝑐 = 1ൗ2𝜋𝑓𝐶 ) and the
resistance.
• An inductor has primary characteristic of opposing a
change in current (ideally reduce the AC current in load to
zero)

• Choke-input filter
 Requirement of Choke-Input Filter
Design
• 1st : To be CIF well design is to have 𝑋𝑐 at the
input frequency be much smaller than 𝑅𝐿 (so
we can ignore the load resistance 𝑅𝐿 , and the
equivalent circuit become reactive voltage
devider:

Fig: The Equivalent CIF circuit

• 2nd is to have 𝑋𝐿 be much greater than 𝑋𝑐 at
the input frequency (so we the output voltage
approaches zero 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 ≈ 0).

At this condition
“the choke (inductor) approximates a short
circuit at 0 Hz and the capacitor approximates
an open circuit at 0 Hz”.
• In The Equivalent CIF circuit (𝑋𝐿 ≫≫ 𝑋𝑐 ),
almost all the AC voltage is dropped across the
choke, in this case the AC output voltage is
equal to :
𝑋𝑐
• 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝑋𝐿
• Eq : 𝑋𝐿 = 10𝑘Ω; 𝑋𝑐 = 100Ω 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 15𝑣
100
so the AC output is : 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 15 = 0,15𝑣
10000
• It means that CIF reduce the AC voltage by a
factor of 100.
 Filtering output of rectifier

Rectifier with CIF Output of Rectifier with CIF

(has DC and AC components)

DC equivalen Circuit

DC output filter with small ripple

 The Capasitor-Input Filter
• Produces a DC output voltage equal to peak
value of rectified voltage.
• Students have to understand “what the circuit
does during the first quarter cycle”.

Fig. Unloaded capasitor-input filter circuit

 Capasitor remains charged when the diode is off

Remember capasitor characteristic :

charge and uncharge.

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

Output of Capasitor-input filter is pure DC voltage

 Effect of Load Resistor
• As long as the 𝑅𝐿 C time constant is much
greater than the periode, capasitor remains
fully charge, and the load voltage is
approximately 𝑉𝑝 .
Loaded capasitor-input
filter

C
𝑅𝐿
Full Wave Filtering
Another formula to determine ripple formula :
The peak-to-peak ripple voltage is half wave
rectifier
VR  Vp (out) (1   t / RLC )
Time t represent length of time capasitor
Is allowed to discharge.

For half rectifier, t = 16,67 ms

Output of full wave filtering
To estimate the peak-to-peak ripple of any
capasitor-input filter, we use ripple formula:
For FullWave Rectifier, t= 8,33 ms
Eq : if dc load current 10 mA, C = 200 uF,
Calculate a ripple voltage of bridge rectifier!

The Ripple Formula

10mA
I VR   0.417V pp
VR 
fC
(120 Hz )(200F )
V pp 0,417
Vrms    0,417v
2 2) 2 2
 Example
• What is the DC load voltage and ripple in fig
below :
 Solution
• Secondary voltage :
1
𝑉2 = 120𝑣 = 24𝑣rms
5
Peak secondary voltage :
𝑉𝑝(2) = 24𝑣 2 = 34𝑣
Assume diode is ideal :
𝑉𝑖𝑛(𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑎) = 𝑉𝑝(2) = 34𝑣
𝑉𝑖𝑛 34𝑣
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = = = 10,83𝑣
𝜋 𝜋
So the load currrent is :
𝑉𝑑𝑐
𝐼𝐿 = = 2,17𝑚𝐴
𝑅𝐿
Ripple can be determine :
I 2,17 mA
VR    0,362vpp
fC 60 Hz.100uF
 Check your understanding
• What is the DC load voltage and ripple in fig
below :
1:2