TEKNIK GEOLOGI FT-UGM

ELECTRIC AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC
PROSPECTING METHODS
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NATURAL FIELD SOURCE ARTIFICIAL CONTROLLED

SOURCE
A Magnetotelluric (MT) A Electrical Resistivity (dc)
Telluric- MT (TMT) B Transient sounding (TEM)
Audio-frequency MT C Induced polarization (IP)
(AMT)
Audio-frequency D EM induction
magnetic (AFMAG)
Telluric current E Ground Penetrating radar
B EM array profiling
(EMAP)
C Self Potential (SP)
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Resistivity (in Ohm-meters) for water bearing rocks of various types

Geologic age Marine sand, Terrestrial Volcanic rocks Granit, Limestone,

shale, sands, (basalt, gabbro, etc dolomite,
graywacke claystone, rhyolite, tuffs) anhydrite, salt.
arkose
Quartenary, 1 -10 15 – 20 10 - 200 500- 2000 50 - 5000
Tertiary
Mesozoic 5 - 20 25 – 100 20 - 500 500 - 2000 100 – 10.000
Carboniferous 10 - 40 50 – 300 50 - 1000 1000 - 5000 200 – 100,000
Pre- 40 - 200 100 – 500 100 - 2000 1000 - 5000 10,000 –
Carboniferous 100,000
Paleozoic
Precambrian 100 - 2000 300 - 5000 200 - 5000 5000 – 10,000 –
20.000 100,000

Source: G.R.Keller, in:” Handbook of Physical Constants”, rev.ed., Geol.Soc. Am. Mem, 97, 1966
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WENNER ARRANGEMENT

a a a

A M N B
CURRENT POTENTIAL POTENTIAL CURRENT
ELECTRODE ELECTRODE ELECTRODE ELECTRODE

V
 a  2a
I
TEKNIK GEOLOGI FT-UGM
SCHLUMBERGER ARRANGEMENT

A M N B
S

 ( s 2  a 2 / 4) V
a 
a I
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DIPOLE-DIPOLE (axial dipole) ARRANGEMENT

a
b
A B n.a M N

V
 a  n(n  1) (n  2).a
I

The resistivity from dipole arrays are commonly plotted on a pseudo section along the
traverse of measurements. Such a section can not be constructed as a vertical section
showing resistivity variations.
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POLE – DIPOLE ARRAY

M N A

a
> n.a
n.a

V
 a  2an(n  1)
I
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POLE – POLE ARRAY

B
N

M A

a
>n.a > n.a

V
 a  2a.
I
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2s

Apparent resistivity as function A C D B

of electrode separation for two
layer case (schematic)
h ρ1 > ρ2

ρ2
ρa
Apparent Resistivity,

ρ1

ρ2

Current electrodes separation, s

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A B N
B N
θ

R R
R M
M
M N A B
PARALLEL EQUATORIAL PERPENDICULAR
ARRAY ARRAY ARRAY

A B A B
θ
θ
R R
M AZIMUTHAL N Dipole arrays for
RADIAL ARRAY several non-axial
ARRAY dipole - dipole
configuration
N M
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