The 3rd International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation 2016

Bali, 1-3 Agustus 2016

The Effect of Shear Wall L Type in

Student Dormitory of Andalas University

Febrin Anas Ismail, Fauzan, Abdul Hakam,

Siska Apriwelni, Zev Al Jauhari, M. Warsa Rizki

CIVIL ENG. DEPARTMENT, ANDALAS UNIVERSITY,

PADANG-INDONESIA
INTRODUCTION
• The structure of multi-story buildings is vulnerable to lateral
force, especially for the force caused by the earthquake.

• Earthquakes are events of earth movement caused by the release

of energy in the earth suddenly. Earthquakes are caused by
geologic activity that occurs in the earth, such as the shift
between continental plates leading earthquakes.

• Earthquake risk has resulted in damage to the building, which

needs a strong structure to resist the force caused by the
earthquake.

• One way to strengthen the building is by using the structural

reinforcement shear wall.
SHEAR WALL
• Shear wall is a wall that serves as a stiffener which proceed to the
foundation. The core walls rigidify the buildings. It is designed to
withstand shear and lateral force due to the earthquake.
• With the rigid shear walls in the building, most of the earthquake
loads in multi-story buildings will be absorbed by the wall.
THE FRONT AND SIDE VIEWS OF
UNAND DORMITORY BUILDING

• 5-Story building
• Precast RC Sructure
• Shear wall in left and right sides of
building in y direction (I-shape)
THE PLAN OF UNAND DORMITORY WITH
I-SHAPE AND L-SHAPE SHEAR WALL

I-shape
Shear Wall

L-shape
Shear Wall
STRUCTURAL MODELLING

To perform the analysis of the structure, the following technical data

of the building from design consultant was used:
• Location: Andalas University, Limau Manis, Padang City
• Compressive strength of concrete: K-350 (f'c=34.34 MPa)
• Yield stress of steel reinforcement: fy = 390 MPa
• Columns and beams in the building were modeled as frame
elements, while slabs, stairs, and shear walls were modeled as
wall element.
MODELING
• Modeling and analyzing structures of the dormitory building are
done by using 3D structural modeling with ETABS v9.7.1 software.
• In this study, L-shape shear walls were installed on the corners of
the building on first story only and on all stories.

Building with I- Building with L- Building with L-

shape shear wall shape shear wall shape shear wall
only in 1st floor on all stories
THE DESIGN OF LOADS

• The dead load is taken by its own weight building materials and
components of the building.
• Live load is modeled based on SNI 1727:2013, for residential area:
250 kg/m2 and for torn water area: 2000 kg/m2.
• The seismic load based on SNI 1726:2012 obtained from the
website www.puskim.pu.go.id was used. According to the soil test
result, the soil on the building was classified as soft soil.
THE SPECTRUM RESPONSE DESIGN ON
SOFT SOIL TYPE OF PADANG CITY

Variable Value
PGA (g) 0,515
Ss (g) 1,398
S1 (g) 0,600
CRS 1,096
CR1 0,955
THE LOCATION POINT OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT
TO COMPARE THE ANALYSIS RESULTS

• The positions are taken from one interior beam, and one interior
column of the center of each floor.
Interior Interior
column beam
RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

- The comparisons of structural

analysis between the building
using I-shaped shear wall and
• Internal Force in Columns the building using L-shaped
• Internal Force in Beams shear wall at 1st floor

• Displacement - The comparisons of structural

analysis between the building
• Inter Story Drift using I-shaped shear wall and
the building using L-shaped
shear wall until the 5th floor
 INTERNAL FORCE IN COLUMNS
AXIAL FORCE SHEAR FORCE BENDING MOMENT
250
1400 120

1200 100 200

1000
80
800 150
60
600
40 100
400

200 20
50
0 0
L-Shape L-Shape Shear
I-Shape I-Shape Shear
Shear Wall Wall at 1st 0
Shear Wall Wall
at 1st Floor Floor L-Shape Shear
I-Shape Shear
1ST Floor 1283.330 1281.500 1ST Floor 95.450 9.980 Wall at 1st
Wall
2ND Floor 994.470 991.480 2ND Floor 93.960 94.260 Floor
3RD Floor 3RD Floor 77.660 91.790 1ST Floor 196.863 32.438
705.770 705.210
4TH Floor 4TH Floor 53.710 64.020 2ND Floor 129.274 154.323
416.160 415.950
5TH Floor 5TH Floor 29.090 33.660 3RD Floor 98.729 123.520
125.410 123.460
4TH Floor 64.335 75.492
5TH Floor 35.617 41.518

The decrease in the shear force and bending moment in first floor is about 90 %
and 84 %, respectively.
 INTERNAL FORCE IN COLUMNS
AXIAL FORCE SHEAR FORCE BENDING MOMENT
1400 120 250

1200 100
200
1000
80
150
800
60
600
100
40
400
50
200 20

0 0 0
L-Shape Shear L-Shape Shear L-Shape Shear
I-Shape Shear I-Shape Shear I-Shape Shear
Wall until 5th Wall until 5th Wall until 5th
Wall Wall Wall
Floor Floor Floor
1ST Floor 1283.330 1279.610 1ST Floor 95.450 10.380 1ST Floor 196.863 14.551
2ND Floor 994.470 992.070 2ND Floor 93.960 10.940 2ND Floor 129.274 15.779
3RD Floor 705.770 705.230 3RD Floor 77.660 11.340 3RD Floor 98.729 15.811
4TH Floor 416.160 415.490 4TH Floor 53.710 15.210 4TH Floor 64.335 19.918
5TH Floor 125.410 124.800 5TH Floor 29.090 38.590 5TH Floor 35.617 56.770

The axial force of the building is almost similar with one with I-shaped shear wall.
However, the significant decrease of shear force and bending moment of this building
were found out on all stories.
 INTERNAL FORCE IN BEAMS
NORMAL FORCE SHEAR FORCE BENDING MOMENT
180 120 140

160
100 120
140
100
120 80

100 80
60
80 60
60 40
40
40
20 20
20

0 0 0
L-Shape Shear L-Shape Shear L-Shape Shear
I-Shape Shear I-Shape Shear I-Shape Shear
Wall at 1st Wall at 1st Wall at 1st
Wall Wall Wall
Floor Floor Floor
1ST Floor 27.620 82.010 1ST Floor 97.940 75.910 1ST Floor 121.253 79.515
2ND Floor 70.690 69.570 2ND Floor 95.970 96.230 2ND Floor 117.502 117.771
3RD Floor 107.840 107.450 3RD Floor 86.680 91.680 3RD Floor 99.934 109.332
4TH Floor 159.390 157.520 4TH Floor 75.250 78.820 4TH Floor 77.815 84.630
5TH Floor 133.420 128.540 5TH Floor 26.170 27.990 5TH Floor 33.044 36.824

The normal force increases almost two times on the first floor and almost similar on the other floors. On the
other hand, the shear force and bending moment of the building decrease in the first floor, about 23 % and
35%, respectively.
 INTERNAL FORCE IN BEAMS
NORMAL FORCE SHEAR FORCE BENDING MOMENT
120 140
250.000
100 120

200.000 100
80
80
150.000
60
60
100.000 40
40

20 20
50.000

0 0
0.000 L-Shape Shear L-Shape Shear
I-Shape Shear I-Shape Shear
L-Shape Shear Wall until 5th Wall until 5th
I-Shape Shear Wall Wall
Wall until 5th Floor Floor
Wall
Floor 1ST Floor 97.940 59.620 1ST Floor 121.253 48.951
1ST Floor 27.620 33.890 2ND Floor 95.970 60.100 2ND Floor 117.502 49.746
2ND Floor 70.690 85.190 3RD Floor 86.680 59.870 3RD Floor 99.934 49.713
3RD Floor 107.840 133.920 4TH Floor 75.250 55.830 4TH Floor 77.815 46.898
4TH Floor 159.390 197.210 5TH Floor 26.170 26.330 5TH Floor 33.044 33.348
5TH Floor 133.420 153.120

• The normal force reduced at 14-24%, while the decrease on shear

force and bending moment were 25-40% and 39-60%, respectively.
 DISPLACEMENT
The Comparison of Displacemet in Building Structure Between The
Building Using I-Shape Shear Wall and The Building Using L-Shape Shear
Wall at The 1st Floor

X-DIR. DISPLACEMENT Y DIR. DISPLACEMENT

20 20

Building Height (m)

Building Height (m)

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Displacement (m) Displacement (m)
I-Shape Shear Wall L-Shape on The 1st Floor I-Shape Shear Wall L-Shape on The 1st Floor

The present of L-shaped shear wall on the first floor of the building reduces displacement of the building in
X-direction about 60% on the top floor, while slightly decrease was found out in Y-direction displacement.
 DISPLACEMENT ...
The Comparison of Displacemet in Building Structure Between
The Building Using I-Shape Shear Wall and The Building Using L-Shape
Shear Wall until The 5th Floor

X-DIR. DISPLACEMENT Y-DIR. DISPLACEMENT

20 20
Building Height (m)

Building Height (m)

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

Displacement (m) Displacement (m)

I-Shape Shear Wall L-Shape Until 5th Floor I-Shape Shear Wall L-Shape Until 5th Floor

The presence of L-shaped shear wall on all stories reduced significantly the displacement in X directions
and slightly reduced in Y direction. The maximum reduction of displacement in X-direction is about 77%
on the top floor of the building.
 INTER STORY DRIFT
Inter Story Drift in X and Y Directions of The Building
Using L-Shaped Shear Wall at The 1st Floor
Drift ∆s X ∆a = Drift ∆s Y ∆a =
UX UY
Story H (mm) X Dir. 0,015. ∆s ≤ ∆a Y Dir. 0,015. ∆s ≤ ∆a
(mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) H/ρ (mm) (mm) (mm) H/ρ (mm)
Base 0 0 0 0 0 OK 0 0 0 0 OK
1 3250 3,84 3,84 21,12 62,5 OK 4,68 4,68 25,74 62,5 OK
2 2800 12,06 8,22 45,21 53,85 OK 10,83 6,15 33,83 53,85 OK
3 2800 21,51 9,45 51,98 53,85 OK 17,27 6,44 35,42 53,85 OK
4 2800 27,32 5,81 31,96 53,85 OK 24,1 6,83 37,57 53,85 OK
5 2800 30,41 3,09 16,99 53,85 OK 30,24 6,14 33,77 53,85 OK
 INTER STORY DRIFT
Inter Story Drift in X and Y Directions of The Building
Using L-Shaped Shear Wall until The 5th Floor
Drift ∆s X ∆a = Drift ∆s Y ∆a =
UX UY
Story H (mm) X Dir. 0,015. ∆s ≤ ∆a Y Dir. 0,015. ∆s ≤ ∆a
(mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) H/ρ (mm) (mm) (mm) H/ρ (mm)
Base 0 0 0 0 0 OK 0 0 0 0 OK
1 3250 2,28 2,28 12,54 62,5 OK 4,39 4,39 24,15 62,5 OK
2 2800 4,66 2,38 13,09 53,85 OK 10,34 5,95 32,73 53,85 OK
3 2800 7,15 2,49 13,69 53,85 OK 16,59 6,25 34,38 53,85 OK
4 2800 10,19 3,04 16,72 53,85 OK 22,83 6,24 34,32 53,85 OK
5 2800 15,72 5,53 30,41 53,85 OK 29,17 6,34 34,87 53,85 OK

The inter story drift of the buildings with L-shaped shear wall meet the requirement based
on standard code SNI 1726 2012. The presence of L-shaped shear wall on all stories of the
building reduced the interstory drift, especially in X-direction.
CONCLUSION

• The presence of L-shaped shear wall in the first floor only of the
dormitory building reduced the shear force and bending moment
on the first floor about 90% and 84%, respectively and no much
affect on the other floors, while the addition of the L-shaped
shear wall until the 5th floor decreased shear force bending
moment on columns in all floors.

• The addition of L-shaped shear wall on the 1st floor at Unand

Dormitory reduced the shear force and bending moment of the
building about 23 % and 35%, respectively, while the presence of L-
shape shear wall on all stories of the building reduced the internal
forces of the beam in all stories.
CONCLUSION...

• The presence of L-shape shear wall reduced displacement of the

building, especially in X-direction. The reduction of the
displacement in X-direction reached 77% for building with L-
shaped shear wall installed on all stories.

• Inter story drift of the building with L-shaped shear wall meet the
requirement based on standard code SNI 1726:2012. The reduction
of inter story drift of the building was more decreased by
installment of L-shaped shear wall on all stories, especially in X-
direction.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION