FACEBOOK USE AND ITS

INFLUENCE ON SOCIAL
COMPARISON AND AFFECT AS
MEDIATED BY SELF-ESTEEM
Angelica Nichole B. Mendoza, RPm
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How Filipinos’ Social Comparison and

Affect are influenced by Facebook
Use and how does Self-esteem
mediate the this relationship?
3

1.038 Billion
Facebook users
Whoa! That’s a big
number, aren’t you
surprised?
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Philippines: 47
million Facebook
users
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Social networking sites

▸Construct a public or semi-public
profile within a bounded system
▸Articulate a list of other users with
whom they share a connection
▸View and traverse their list of
connections and those made by others
within the system.
“
Because of the varied information
posted about others on Facebook,
people should be quite enthused to
compare themselves to others.
“
Every individual has a desire to
validate the correctness of his
opinions and also the extent of his
abilities
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Statement of the problem and hypotheses

▸What is the nature of Facebook use

(intensity and motives) of SLU Facebook
Users?
▹SLU Facebook users would be greatly motivated to
use Facebook to maintain relationships and pass the
time. Social Investigation, Self-expression, Meeting
new people, Reconnection, and Companionship are
also expected to be motives of Facebook Use.
10

▸What is the relationship of Facebook Use

(intensity and motives) with
▸a) Social Comparison
▸b) Affect?
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▸Facebook Use (intensity and motives) is

predicted to have a positive relationship
with Upward, Nondirectional, and
Downward Social Comparison.
▸Affect, both positive and negative, are
expected to be have a positive relationship
with Facebook Use (intensity and
motives).
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▸What dimensions of Facebook Use

(motives and intensity) would best predict
a) Social Comparison
b) Affect?
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▸Social Investigation motive is expected

to be linked to Upward, Nondirectional,
and Downward Social Comparisons.
▸Social Investigation is anticipated to
predict Negative Affect; whereas Passing
time and Relationship Maintenance are
anticipated to be related to Positive affect.
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▸How does self-esteem mediate the

relationship between Facebook Use
(motives and intensity) and
▸a) Social Comparison
▸b) Affect?
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▸Self-esteem is predicted to mediate the

relationship between Facebook Use
(intensity and motives) and Social
Comparison and Affect.
▸Self-esteem influences the direction of
Social comparison to be made as well as
the affect a person would experience while
using Facebook.
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Methodology

▸329 SLU Facebook users (214 females, 115 males)

▸18 to 24 years old (M= 19.55, SD = 1.80)
Frequency Percent
18 years old 140 42.55
19 years old 59 17.93
20 years old 45 13.68
21 years old 20 6.08
22 years old 34 10.34
23 years old 21 6.38
24 years old 10 3.04
Total 329 100
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Materials

▸Facebook Use Intensity Scale

▸Motives of Facebook Use
▸Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale
▸Comparison Orientation Measure-
Facebook
▸Positive and Negative Affect Schedule
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Results and Discussion

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Wave7 Survey

▸needs being satisfied by social media

▹a) to stay in touch with friends, 74%
▹b) meet new people, 70%
▹c) have fun, 65%
▹d) share new experiences, 63%
▹e) keep company, 62%.
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Nature of Facebook Use
Items Motives

To find people who share similar interests with me

Organizing/Joining groups and events Meeting new people
To meet new people
Browsing other people’s profile
Stalking other people Social Investigation
Reading comments on my friend’s posts
To pass time when bored
It is one of the routine things I do when online Passing Time
It is fun
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Nature of Facebook Use

Items Motives
To upload my photos
Self-expression
To update my status
To communicate with my friends and family Relationship
To stay in touch with friends and family Maintenance

To feel less lonely

Companionship
To develop a romantic relationship
To get through to someone who is hard to reach
Reconnection
To reconnect with people I lost contact
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1. Nature of Facebook Use

Facebook Use M SD Qualitative
(Motives and Intensity) Meaning
1. Meeting new people 2.00 .73 Very little
2. Social Investigation 2.24 .79 Very little
3. Passing Time 3.04 .69 Somewhat
4. Self-expression 2.38 .83 Very little
5. Relationship Maintenance 3.39 .64 Somewhat

6. Companionship 1.89 .73 Not at all

7. Reconnection 2.82 .75 Somewhat
8. Facebook Use Intensity 2.54 .61 Disagree
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Nature of Facebook Use

Relationship Maintenance
Passing Time
Reconnection
Self-expression
Social Investigation
Meeting new people
Companionship
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Relationship between Facebook Use and Social
Comparison, Affect
Facebook Use Social Comparison Affect Self-
Upward Nondirectional Downward Positive Negative
esteem

Meeting new .133** .191** .198** .268** .227** .012

people
Social .225** .264** .221** .262** .168** .201**
Investigation
Passing Time .148** .169** .168** .282** .070 .184**
Self-expression .056 .188** .178** .305** .074 .067
Relationship .002 .066 .002 .249** .104 .103
Maintenance
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Facebook Use Social Comparison Affect

Self-
Upward Nondirectional Downward Positive Negative
esteem

Companionship .229** .220** .209** .215** .256** .114*

Reconnection -.014 .057 .075 .277** .095 .056
Facebook Use .265** .303** .317** .329** .224** .215**
Intensity
Upward 1 - - - - .233**
Nondirectional - 1 - - - .177**
Downward - - 1 - - .146**
Positive - - - 1 - .150**
Negative - - - - 1 .067
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Predictors of Social Comparison, Affect

Upward Social Nondirectional Downward Social

Comparison Social Comparison Comparison
Facebook Use Intensity Facebook Use Intensity Facebook Use Intensity
Companionship Companionship Relationship
Social Investigation Social Investigation Maintenace (-)

Positive Affect Negative Affect

Facebook Use Intensity Facebook Use Intensity
Self-expression Passing Time (-)
Reconnection Companionship
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Mediating Effect of Self-esteem: Facebook Use and
Upward Social Comparison

Total
Direct effects Indirect effects
effects
Predictors
Boot LL Boot UL
c path a path b path c’ path Coefficients

Facebook Use
.3035** 1.0276 ** .0443** .2580** .0455 NS .0146 .0935
Intensity

Social
.2008** .7463** .0469** .1658** .0350 NS .0125 .0695
Investigation
Passing Time .1504** .7774** .0511** .1107* .0397 NS .0133 .0187
Companionship .2183** .4533* .0503** .1955** .0228 NS .0033 .0532
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Mediating Effect of Self-esteem: Facebook Use and
Nondirectional Social Comparison
Total
effects Direct effects Indirect effects
Predictors
c path a path b path c’ path Coefficients Boot Boot
LL UL

Facebook Use
.3497** 1.0276 ** .0284* .3205** .0292 NS .0038 .0754
Intensity

Social investigation .2371** .7463** .0313* .2137** .0234 NS .0038 .0591

Passing Time .1729** .7774** .0366** .1445* .0284 NS .0060 .0680

Companionship .2116** .4533* .0373** .1947** .0169 NS .0017 .0449

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Mediating Effect of Self-esteem: Facebook Use and
Downward Social Comparison
Total
effects Direct effects Indirect effects
Predictors
c path a path b path c’ path Coefficients Boot Boot
LL UL

Facebook Use .0183

.3395** 1.0276 ** .3207** .0188 NS -.0036 .0614
Intensity NS

Social .0237
.1841** .7463** .1664** .0177 NS .0002 .0490
Investigation NS
Passing time .1590** .7774** .0267* .1382** .0208 NS .0014 .0550

Companionship .1864** .4533* .0277* .1738** .0126 NS .0007 .0590

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Mediating Effect of Self-esteem: Facebook Use and
Positive Affect

Total effects Direct effects Indirect effects

Predictors
Boot LL Boot UL
c path a path b path c’ path Coefficients

Facebook Use
Intensity 3.1772** 1.0276 ** .1684 NS 3.0041** .1731 NS -.0162 .4608

Social
Investigation 1.9669** .7463** .2058 NS 1.8133** .1536 NS .0177 .3788

Passing Time
2.4131** .7774** .2056 NS 2.2532** .1598 NS .0149 .4065

Companionship
1.7310** .4533* .2576* 1.6142** .1167 NS .0123 .3146
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Mediating Effect of Self-esteem: Facebook Use and
Negative Affect
Total
Direct effects Indirect effects
effects
Predictors
Boot Boot
c path a path b path c’ path Coefficients LL UL

Facebook Use
1.7949** 1.0276 ** .0328 NS 1.7611** .0337 NS -.1722 .2761
Intensity
Social
1.0484** .7463** .0578 NS 1.0052** .0432 NS -.0961 .2310
Investigation

Passing Time .4934 NS .7774** .0939 NS .4205 NS .0730 NS -.0578 .2981

Companionship 1.7103** .4533* .0640 NS 1.6813** .0290 NS -.0488 .1753

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Communication
and Leisure
Convenience and
interactive features of
Place your screenshot here
Facebook makes it as a
popular tool for college
students to
communicate with
friends and families,
pass the time, and
reconnect with old
contacts.
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Social
Comparison
game
Facebook opens the door
but it is the user- his
characteristics and other
personal factors which
will determine if he will
indeed make social
comparisons and how he
would feel about it.
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WITH OR
WITHOUT SELF-
ESTEEM IN THE
EQUATION
The use of Facebook is
still related to Social
Comparison and Affect
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Implications

▸Programs and strategies for Guidance

and Counseling regarding problematic use
of Facebook Use
▸Social belongingness in school
▸Regulation of Facebook Use
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THANKS!