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Provisions
Occasional
Incipient Collapse 50% in 50 years
Life Safety Rare
Immediate 10% in 50 years
Reoccupancy Very Rare
Fully Operational 5% in 50 years
Max Considered
2% in 50 years
Design Objective Defined
A specific performance level given a specific
earthquake hazard level
Building Properties:
Moment Resisting Frames
density r = 8 pcf
Period T = 1.0 sec
62.5’ Damping x = 5%
90’
120’
Wind: Earthquake:
100 MPH Exposure C Assume 0.4g NEHRP
4.3
Wind:
100 mph Fastest mile
Exposure C 62.5’
4.5
4.6
How to Deal with Huge Earthquake Force?
4.7
Interim Conclusion (The Good News)
4.13
Elastic vs. Inelastic Response
The red line shows
the force and
displacement that
would be reached if
the structure
responded elastically.
The green line shows
the actual force vs.
displacement
response of the
structure
The pink line indicates
the minimum strength
required to hold
everything together
during inelastic
behavior
The blue line is the
force level that we
design for.
We rely on the
ductility of the system
to prevent collapse.
SMS = FaSS
Fa from Table
11.4-1
SM1= FvS1
Fv from Table
11.4-2
Spectral Response Accelerations
SDS and SD1
See ASCE 7-05 11.4.4
Plan Configuration
ASCE 7-05 12.3.2.1
Vertical Configuration
ASCE 7-05 12.3.2.2
Plan Structural Irregularities
1a - Torsional Irregularity
1b - Extreme Torsional Irregularity
2 - Re-entrant Corners
3 - Diaphragm Discontinuity
4 - Out-of-plane Offsets
5 - Nonparallel Systems
Type 1: Torsional Irregularities
1a - Torsional Irregularity
larger story drift more than 1.2
times average story drift
1b - Extreme Torsional Irregularity
larger story drift more than 1.4
times average story drift
Not permitted in Design
Categories E & F
Design forces for lateral force
connections to be increased 25% in
Design Categories D, E, & F.
Type 2: Re-entrant Corners
Both projections
beyond the corner are
more than 15% of the
plan dimension of the
structure in the same
direction
Type 3: Diaphragm
Discontinuities
Diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations
in stiffness, including those having cutout or open
areas greater than 50% of the gross enclosed
diaphragm area, or changes in effective diaphragm
stiffness of more than 50% from one story to the next.
Design forces for lateral force connections to be
increased 25% in Design Categories D, E, & F.
Type 4: Out-of-Plane Offsets
Discontinuities in a lateral
force resistance path, such
as out-of-plane offsets of
the vertical elements.
Design forces for lateral
force connections to be
increased 25% in Design
Categories D, E, & F.
Type 5: Nonparallel Systems
1a - Soft Story
the lateral stiffness is less than
70% of that in the story above
or less than 80% of the average
stiffness of the three stories
above.
1b - Extreme Soft Story
the lateral stiffness is less than
60% of that in the story above
or less than 70% of the average
stiffness of the three stories
above.
Not permitted in Design
Categories E & F
Type 2: Weight (Mass) Irregularity
Mass irregularity shall
be considered to exist
where the effective
mass of any story is
more than 150% of
the effective mass of
an adjacent story. A
roof that is lighter
than the floor below
need not be
considered.
Type 3: Vertical Geometry
Irregularity
Vertical geometry
irregularity shall be
considered to exist where
the horizontal dimension of
the lateral force-resisting
system in any story is
more than 130% of that in
an adjacent story.
Type 4: In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical
Lateral Force Resisting Elements
W is to include:
all dead load (all permanent components of the
building, including permanent equipment)
25% of any design storage floor live loads except
for floor live load in public garages and open
parking structures.
If partition loads are considered in floor design, at
least 10 psf is to be included.
A portion of the snow load (20% pf minimum) in
regions where the flat roof snow load exceeds 30
psf.
Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs
See ASCE 7-05 12.8.1.1
Cs = SDS /(R/I)
T < Cu Ta
k
W x hx
Cvx
n
k
W i hi
i= 1
Wx = Weight at level x
hx = elevation of level x above the base
k = exponent related to structure period
When T < 0.5 s, k =1, When T > 2.5 s, k =2,
Linearly interpolate when 0.5 < T < 2.5 s
Story Shear, Vx
Story shear, Vx, is the shear force at a given story
level
Vx is the sum of all the forces above that level.
Horizontal Distribution
See ASCE 7-05 12.8.4
LRFD
5: 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S
7: 0.9D + 1.0E
ASD
5: D + (W or 0.7E)
6: D + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
8: 0.6D + 0.7E
Definition of E
See ASCE 7-05 12.4
D = 1.3