IMS Registration &

Section 3 Deregestration

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 2. Initial Attach
1. VoLTE and Default 3. IMS Registration 4. VoLTE
Background Bearer & Deregistration Call Setup
Establishment

8. Inter-RAT
7. Intra-LTE
5. VoLTE 6. VoLTE Handover: Single
Handover during
RAN Features Call Termination Radio Voice Call
VoLTE Call
Continuity (SRVCC)

10. LTE
9. VoLTE 11. VoLTE 12. VoLTE
Performance
Emergency Calls Key Performance Performance
Case Studies
Indicators (KPIs) Considerations
Related to VoLTE

 Additional Course Material

• Acronym List
• Reference Documentation

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 IMS Client Registration

S6a
UE
LTE Uu
eNB
S1
MME S-GW/ HSS/SPR
S5 Gx PCRF Sp Operator IP/IMS Core
P-GW
Rx P-CSCF S-CSCF

A) Initial Attach (includes default EPS bearer set up)

EPS Default Bearer activated (IP Connectivity – UL & DL)

B) IMS Client Registration

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 IMS Registration

 IMS Registration
 P-CSCF Discovery
 IMS Registration Procedure
 IMS Deregistration

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 P-CSCF Discovery

• UE must discover a P-CSCF before it can register with IMS.

• The options for UE to discover the IP address of the P-CSCF

are:
• Provided by NAS via Protocol Configuration Options (covered here)
• Determined utilizing DHCP
• Preconfigured (ISIM provisioned)

• In the Attach Request, the UE includes a P-CSCF Address

Request

• In the Attach Accept, the UE is informed of the P-CSCF IP

Address, to be used in the IMS registration

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 P-CSCF Discovery Signaling
UE LTE Uu eNB S1 MME

LTE Cell Acquired

Includes
RACH+RRC connection set up PDN Connectivity Request
P-CSCF Address Request
RRC Connected

ATTACH REQUEST

Authentication and NAS Security

Initial Context Set up Request

AS Security

UE Capability Enquiry
UE Capability Information UE Capability Information Includes
UE IP Address
RRC Connection Reconfiguration P-CSCF IP Address

ATTACH ACCEPT + Activate Default Bearer Request

ATTACH Complete + Activate Default Bearer Context Accept

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 P-CSCF Discovery: Attach Request and Attach Accept
UE LTE Uu eNB S1 MME

LTE Cell Acquired

RACH+RRC connection set up

....
RRC Connected

ATTACH REQUEST

Authentication and NAS Security

Initial Context Set up Request

AS Security

UE Capability Enquiry
UE Capability Information UE Capability Information
....

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

ATTACH ACCEPT + Activate Default Bearer Request

ATTACH Complete + Activate Default Bearer Context Accept

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 Analysis Example – P-CSCF Discovery

Log Analysis Procedure: P-CSCF Discovery

Open File: Initial_Attach_default_bearer.html

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 P-CSCF Discovery: Log Walk-Through

Log
Step Look for Time Stamp Verify
Packet
1 Attach Request 0xB0ED 18:37:25.082 The UE requested P-CSCF IP Address

2 Attach Accept 0xB0EC 18:37:25.642 P-CSCF IP Address is signaled to the UE

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 IMS Registration

 IMS Registration
 P-CSCF Discovery
 IMS Registration Procedure
 IMS Deregistration

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 IMS Registration: Call Flow

I-CSCF/
UE P-CSCF
S-CSCF

SIP Register SIP: REGISTER

Request SIP: REGISTER

SIP: 401 (Unauthorized)

Security SIP: 401 (Unauthorized)

Challenge

Security SIP: REGISTER

Response SIP: REGISTER

SIP: 200 (OK)

Registration SIP: 200 (OK)
Confirmation

esg.net

esg.net

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 IMS Registration – SIP REGISTER Request

• After the default bearer has been established

and the UE had discovered the P-CSCF
address, the UE sends REGISTER request to
register with the IMS core
• The REGISTER request is composed of a
header only with no message body
Used in all messages
within this call

Header only
(no message body)

No response
or nonce

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 IMS REGISTER Request – Header Details

Header Field
Description
(compact form)
<Method> <URI> <SIP Version>. In the log:
Method  REGISTER
Request-Line URI  sip:ims06.alu.net. This is the destination of the request,
registrar in this case
SIP Version  2.0
From (f) Identity of the initiator of the REGISTER request.
Used for identification purposes. Used in case multiple requests are
tag
originated by the same UE
ID of the user to be registered; which is identical to the request initiator
To (t)
(‘From’ header) in REGISTER Requests
CSeq consists of a sequence number and a method. The number is
CSeq initialized at the start of a call and incremented for each new request
(Command Sequence) within the dialog.
In this log, CSeq is set to 45224 REGISTER

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 IMS REGISTER Request – Header Details (2)

Header Field
Description
(compact form)
Unique identifier used to identify messages belonging to that call.
Call-ID (i) All messages within this session will have the same Call-ID,
regardless of the sender.
Identifies the address where the originator can be reached for
Via (v)
Responses to this request
Limit the number of hops a request can transit on the way to its
Max-Forwards destination and is decremented by one at each hop. This acts as a
loop detector.
IP address, port and unique device identifier where the UE can be
Contact (m)
reached for further Requests
Indicates the RAN technology used to send the request, 3GPP
P-Access-Network-Info
EUTRA FDD in this example. Global cell ID is also given.
Size of the message body in bytes. This field is set to ‘0’ for
Content length (l)
REGISTER message, as it only contains a header.

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 IMS REGISTER Request – Header Details (3)

Header Field
Description
(compact form)
Contains authentication credentials of the UE, including
Authentication authentication scheme, Digest username and address and realm
(authentication server)
Indicates the duration where this request (REGISTER) remains valid,
Expires in seconds. It is set to 7200 seconds (2 hours) in this log, so the UE
will need to re-register before the expiration of this header.

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 IMS Registration – 401 Unauthorized

• In order to authenticate the UE, the S-CSCF

rejects the initial REGISTER request with a
401 Unauthorized response
• The 401 Unauthorized includes the
authentication scheme and other
authentication parameters
Same as
REGISTER request

Populated

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 401 Unauthorized – Authentication Parameters

Parameter Description
In the log:
Authentication Scheme
Authentication Scheme: Digest
Server performing authentication, should be set to the same setting
realm as the REGISTER request. In the log:
realm="ims06.esg.net“
Challenge generated by the network, including the AUTH and RAND.
nonce The UE will use AUTH to authenticate the network and will use RAND
to generate the response.
The UE should return this parameter unchanged to the server in the
opaque
second Register request.
Algorithm used to create the Digest. In the log:
algorithm
algorithm=MD5
Quality of protection. Can be set to either auth (authentication) or
qop auth-int Authentication and integrity. In the log:
qop="auth"

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 IMS Registration – Second REGISTER Request

• The second REGISTER request is similar to the

original REGISTER request, except:
• CSeq is incremented
• Authorization header is populated as shown
below
Incremented from
original REGISTER

Now Populated
(was empty in
first REGISTER)

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 Log Analysis - IMS Registration

Log Analysis Procedure: IMS Registration

Open File: IMS_Registration

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 IMS Registration: Log Walk-Through

Step Look for… Log Packet Verify…

1 SIP: REGISTER
2 SIP: 401 Unauthorized
3 SIP: REGISTER
4 200 OK
• Method set to REGISTER in Request-Line.
16:05:12.075 • ‘From’ and ‘To’ fields are populated with the UE ID
• Expires set to a value greater than ‘0.’
• Call-ID is identical to Call-ID in the REGISTER request.
• CSeq is identical to CSeq in the REGISTER request.
16:05:12.158
• WWW-Authenticate is present and populated as
outlined above.
• Method set to REGISTER in Request-Line.
16:05:12.377 • CSeq is incremented . From tag is different.
• Authorization header is properly populated
• Call-ID is identical to Call-ID in the second REGISTER
request.
16:05:12.578
• CSeq is identical to CSeq in the second REGISTER
request.

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  IMS Registration
 IMS Deregistration

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 IMS Deregistration Triggers

UE-Triggered
• Power off
• Airplane mode

Network-Triggered
• Network-initiated detach from EPC

Service-Triggered
• LTE/IMS registration expiration

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 Log Analysis: UE-Triggered IMS Deregistration

Voice Traffic

SIP: BYE
SIP: 200 OK
Deactivate dedicated
bearer
Internet PDN disconnect

Deactivate Internet bearer

SIP Deregistration
Detach request
Power down

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 UE-Triggered IMS Deregistration Call Flow

I-CSCF/
UE P-CSCF
S-CSCF

IMS Deregistration
triggered

SIP: REGISTER
SIP: REGISTER

SIP: 200 (OK)

SIP: 200 (OK)

Call Termination
Deregistration

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 IMS Deregistration – SIP Signaling

IMS Deregistration is
performed by sending a
REGISTER request with
‘Expired’ header set to ‘0’

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 Log Analysis: UE-Triggered IMS Deregistration

Log Analysis Procedure: IMS Deregistration

Open File: IMS_Deregistration.html

C:\ESG\Classes\VoLTE_chapter_LTE_workshop\Logs\_000_USED_LOGS\Sta_Near_Peak_NR_IMS_reg_09-07.19-47---Used for UE-triggered

deregistration.isf

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 UE-Triggered IMS Deregistration: Log Walk-Through

Time
Step Look for Verify
Stamp
Reason: USER; cause = "USER triggered“ (Graceful call
1 SIP: BYE 12:23:52.436
termination)
Same CSeq as the previous SIP BYE
2 SIP: 200 OK (BYE) 12:23:52.465
Same Call-ID as the previous SIP BYE
Method set to REGISTER in Request-Line
3 SIP: REGISTER 12:24:00.893
Expires = 0
Same CSeq as the previous SIP REGISTER
4 SIP: 200 OK (REGISTER) 12:24:00.935
Same Call-ID as the previous SIP REGISTER

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 Acquisition to Deregistration – Call Flow

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core
Acquisition, SI, RACH
• eps_bearer_id 5
Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5 Default bearer
Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6 QCI = 5
IMS PDN
IMS Registration RLC AM mode
Call Setup
• eps_bearer_id 6
Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7 Default bearer
QCI = 6
VoLTE Call
Internet PDN
RLC AM mode
Call Termination

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7 • eps_bearer_id 7

Power Down Dedicated bearer
PDN Disconnect request QCI = 1
Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6
IMS PDN
RLC UM mode
IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: Acquisition, SI, RACH

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

• UE successfully acquires
SIP BYE / 200 OK cell, decodes system
Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7 information and completes
RACH process
PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6 • RRC Connection Request is

sent with cause:
IMS Deregistration
mo-signaling
Detach request

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 Log Analysis: IMS Default Bearer Setup

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

SIP BYE / 200 OK

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

Network activates the
default IMS bearer as
PDN Disconnect request

follows: Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

eps_bearer_id 5
IMS Deregistration
Default bearer
QCI = 5 Detach request
RLC AM mode

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 Log Analysis: Internet Default Bearer

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core msg_type = 208 (0xd0) (PDN connectivity request)
lte_esm_msg
pdn_connectivity_req
Acquisition, SI, RACH pdn_type = 1 (0x1) (Ipv6)
req_type = 1 (0x1) (initial request)
info_trans_flag_incl = 0 (0x0)
Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5 access_pt_name_incl = 1 (0x1)
access_pt_name_
Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6 acc_pt_name_val[0] = 8 (0x8) (length)
acc_pt_name_val[1] = 105 (0x69) (i)
acc_pt_name_val[2] = 110 (0x6e) (n)
IMS Registration acc_pt_name_val[3] = 116 (0x74) (t)
acc_pt_name_val[4] = 101 (0x65) (e)
acc_pt_name_val[5] = 114 (0x72) (r)
SIP INVITE/200 OK acc_pt_name_val[6] = 110 (0x6e) (n)
acc_pt_name_val[7] = 101 (0x65) (e)
acc_pt_name_val[8] = 116 (0x74) (t)
Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7
Activate default EPS bearer context request Msg
VoLTE Call
rel_number = 9 (0x9)
rel_version_major = 5 (0x5)
rel_version_minor = 0 (0x0)
eps_bearer_id_or_skip_id = 6 (0x6)
SIP BYE
prot_disc = /2200 OK (EPS session management messages)
(0x2)
msg_type=193 (Activate default EPS bearer context request)
lte_esm_msg
Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7
act_def_eps_bearer_context_req
eps_bearer_id PDN 5 Disconnect request qci = 6 (0x6) (QC6)
eps_qos

Internet access_point
num_acc_pt_val = 42 (0x2a)
Default bearer acc_pt_name_val[0]
Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6 = 8 (0x8) (length)
acc_pt_name_val[1] = 105 (0x69) (i)
QCI = 5 acc_pt_name_val[2] = 110 (0x6e) (n)
IMS Deregistration
acc_pt_name_val[3] = 116 (0x74) (t)
RLC AM mode acc_pt_name_val[4] = 101 (0x65) (e)
acc_pt_name_val[5] = 114 (0x72) (r)
Detach request acc_pt_name_val[6] = 110 (0x6e) (n)
acc_pt_name_val[7] = 101 (0x65) (e)
acc_pt_name_val[8] = 116 (0x74) (t)

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 Log Analysis: IMS Registration

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

SIP BYE / 200 OK

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: VoLTE Call Setup

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

SIP BYE / 200 OK

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: Dedicated Bearer Activation

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

SIP BYE / 200 OK

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

eps_bearer_id PDN7 Disconnect request
IMS
Dedicated bearer
Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

QCI = 1 IMS Deregistration

RLC UM mode
Detach request

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 Log Analysis: Call in Progress

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

SIP BYE / 200 OK

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: Call Termination

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core

Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

SIP INVITE/200 OK

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

SIP BYE / 200 OK

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: Dedicated Bearer Deactivation

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core
Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

Call Setup

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

Call Termination

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

eps_bearer_id 7
Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6
IMS
Dedicated bearer IMS Deregistration
QCI = 1
RLC UM mode Detach request

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 Log Analysis: PDN Disconnect

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core
Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

Call Setup

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

Call Termination

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: IMS Deregistration

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core
Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

Call Setup

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

Call Termination

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: EPS Detach

eNB/EPS IMS Core

UE
Core
Acquisition, SI, RACH

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 5

Activate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Registration

Call Setup

Activate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

VoLTE Call

Call Termination

Deactivate Dedicated bearer eps_bearer_id 7

PDN Disconnect request

Deactivate Default bearer eps_bearer_id 6

IMS Deregistration

Detach request

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 Log Analysis: Acquisition to Deregistration

Log Analysis Procedure: IMS Deregistration

Open File: Acquisition_to_PowerDown.html

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 UE-Triggered IMS Deregistration: Log Walk-Through

Log
Step Look for Time Stamp Verify
Packet
1 Acquisition and SI decoding

10

Only key messages are listed

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