INTRODUCTION TO

NUCLEAR,
BIOLOGICAL AND
CHEMICAL DEFENCE
TO GIVE EXPOSURE OF
THE NUCLEAR,
BIOLOGICAL AND
CHEMICAL THREAT AND
DEFENCE
• HISTORY
• NUCLEAR
• BIOLOGICAL
• CHEMICAL
WHAT IS
N
B
C
?
 20 YEARS AGO
N - NO
B - BODY
C - CARES
 10 YEARS AGO
N - NUCLEAR
B - BIOLOGICAL
C - CHEMICAL
C - CHEMICAL
B - BIOLOGICAL
R - RADIOLOGICAL
N - NUCLEAR
 NUCLEAR HISTORY
•16 Jul 1945, Alamogordo, New Mexico -
Light 450 miles, Explosion 150 miles &
‘Mushroom’ 8 miles in height.

•6 Aug 1945, Hiroshima Japan - 5 square

miles of Hiroshima destroyed.

•9 Aug 1945, Nagasaki, Japan - 36,000

died, 40,000 injured, 40% of the town
destroyed.
 BIOLOGICAL HISTORY
• 353 S.M. - ALEXANDER THE GREAT USED
CORPES AND CARCASS IN THE CAPTURE
OF CAFFA.
• 1347-1352 - 25 MILLIONS OF EUROPEAN
POPULATION DIED DUE TO BUBONIC
PLAGUE (BLACK DEATH OF EUROPE).
• 1763 - THE BRITISH HAND OUT BLANKET
INFECTED WITH SMALLPOX TO THE RED
INDIANS
• WWII - SKN 731 OF THE IMPERIAL
JAPANESE ARMY CONDUCTING AN
‘R&D’/ TEST USING THE POW AS
‘GENUIE PIG’ IN MANCHURIA AND
POSSIBLY IN SINGAPORE.
• 1952 - KOREAN WAR
• 1960 - VIETNAM WAR
 CHEMICAL HISTORY
• 1915-1917 - YPRES, BELGIUM. THE
GERMAN SOLDIERS RELEASED CHLORINE GAS
WHICH RESULTED IN 2.11 MILLIONS
CASUALTIES OF THE ALLIED.
• 1936 - ITALIAN SOLDIERS USED
MUSTARD GAS IN ETHIOPIA
• 1938 - SQN 731, JAPANESE IMPERIAL
ARMY USED CHEMICAL IN CHINA.
• 1960 - U.S USED DEFOLIAN IN VIETNAM
• 1963-1966 - CIVIL WAR IN YEMEN
• 1978 - USSR IN AFGHANISTAN.
• 1980’s - IRAN-IRAQ GULF WAR
• ???
 NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR EXPLOSION WILL
PRODUCED LIGHTS,
EXPLOSION AND HEAT JUST
AS THE CONVENTIONAL
EXPLOSION BUT AT A LARGER
SCALE AND ALSO RADIATION.
 5% RADIATION 50% EXPLOSION
NEUTRON & GAMMA

15% NUCLEAR
RADIATION
35% THERMAL
(HEAT)

10% RESIDUAL RADIATION

• LIGHT
– Permanent or temporary blindness.
• EXPLOSION
– Human, equipment and other will be
flying.
– Damage to the internal organs.
– Secondary injuries due to flying
objects.
– Structure will collapes.
• HEAT
– Fire
– Objects surrounding the GZ will be
vapourised.
– Flamable objects will be engulfed in fire.

• RADIATION
– Death and sickness due to Radiation
Sickness.
– Electrical dan electronik equipment will
break down due to Electromagnetic Pulse.
• AEROPLANE
• MISILE
• ARTILERY
• DEMOLITION MUNITION
 PREVENTIVE ACTION

• ONCE FEEL THE HEAT/SAW LIGHT

– CLOSE YOUR EYES
– LIE ON THE GROUND, FACING DOWN,
ENSURE ALL EXPOSE BODY PARTS ARE
UNDERNEATH.
• PUT ON YOUR IPE (NBC SUIT)
• BE IN YOUR TRENCH OR SAFE
PLACE.
• BIOLOGICAL OPERATION
– The planned usage of micro-organism or its
tosic to induced illness, incapacitate or death
onto human, plant or animal. The main target
is human.
• BIOLOGICAL AGENT
– Micro-organism will produce disease,
incapacitate or death onto human, animal and
plant. The least, it will damage materials.
 BAKTERIA
RICKETTSIA
VIRUS

LETHAL NON - LETHAL

ANTHRAX
TULAREMIA BRUCELLOSIS
RABIES RIFT VALLEY FEVER
ROCKY MOUNTAIN ENDEMIC TYPHUS
SPOTTED FEVER INFLUENZA
DENGUE V.D???
?????? ?????
 MEANS OF DELIVERY
• AEROPLANE – Spray or bom.
• ARTILERY / MORTAR.
• MISILE.
• VECTOR - Mosquito, human or
animal.
• COVERT OPERATION.
 PREVENTIVE ACTION

•BODY NATURAL STRENGTH

•TRAINING
•IMUNISATION
•IPE (NBC SUIT)
•NATURAL ELEMENT
CHEMICAL AGENT WHICH IS USED
IN MILITARY OPERATION
WITH THE INTENTION OF
INFLICTING CASUALTIES
EITHER DEATH, INJURIES
OR INCAPACITATE THE ENEMY
•NERVE AGENT.
•Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD) & VX.
•BLISTER AGENT.
•Nitrogen Mustard (HN), Mustard (H), Distilled
Mustard (HD), Lewisit (L).
•CHOKING AGENT.
•Fosgen (CG).
•BLOOD AGENT.
•Hidrogen Sianida (AC), Sianogen Klorida (CK).
• ANTI-RIOT AGENT
– CS, CN
• VOMITING AGENT
– ADAMSITE (DM)
• INCAPACITATING AGENT
– BZ
MEANS OF DELIVERY
• ARTILERY / MORTAR
• MISILE / ROCKET
• BOM
• AEROPLANE - AEROSOL
• MINES
• MRLS
 PREVENTIVE ACTION

• IPE (NBC SUIT)

• PREVENTIVE TREATMENT (PROPHYLACTIC
TREATMENT)
• ATROPINE INJECTOR
• COLPRO (COLECTIVE PROTECTION AREA)
COST ESTIMATION TO CAUSE
DAMAGE IN 1 KM SQUARE

HE £1000
NUCLEAR £250
CHEMICAL £1.00
BIOLOGICAL £0.50 (ANTHRAX)