A Case study of a Child Age 2

Selina Rebeca Ozuna

EDU 220
 Abstract
-Physically my two year old is on capable but struggles with fine
motor.
-Emotionally the child is independent and is on track.
-Cognitively/intellectually my child is somewhat behind.
-Psychosocially/socially my child is learning quickly.
-Moral character, my child is developing well on track.
 Physical
 Children age 2, should have the physical ability
to climb stairs, run easily, ride on tricycles,
jump using both feet, catch things, etc. (The
Child Development Institute, Toddler
Development and Parenting Tips, 2018).
 Children should also be able to: kick, pull,
jump, push, scribble, use spoons, and build.
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Child Development: using the Child
Development Guide, 2015.)
Physical: Typical Developmental Level According to
PBS ABCs of Child Development
 Children age two are improving on:
-hand eye coordination,
-running,
-tiptoeing,
-turning knobs,
-jumping using both their feet,
-throwing and kicking balls,
-scribbling, etc. (PBS ABCs of Child
Development, Physical Development, 2017).
 My Two-Year-Old’s Physical
Developmental Status
 Physically, the child in study, is capable of,
running straight, jumping with both legs
together, climbing stairs, using utensils, turning
knobs, and scribbling.
 The child is unable to correctly ride a tricycle,
tiptoe, or throw overhead.
Physical: Recommendations
 Encourage your toddler to eat
healthy food and limit the use
of any screens. Have children
play actively. (Center for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Positive Parenting Tips, 2017.)
Physical: Recommendations
 Encourage use of fine motor
skills with tools such as clay or
crayons. Provide the child with
the necessary room to play.
Toilet training may commence
during this time (Washington
University, Child Development
Guide: Two to Three Years,
1993).
 -At age two, the child is
starting to include other children
in play. Starts exercising
independence. Will mimic
others. (Center for Disease
Control and Prevention,
Important Milestones for Your
Children, 2018.)
Emotional
- “Two-year-olds can easily
become overwhelmed by ‘big
emotions’-including anger, fear
and excitement. They often need
our direct intervention to help
them ‘cool down’.” (PBS
Parents, Self Control: How to
Help Your Two-Year-Old Make
Good Choices, 2018.)
 “From taking their first steps
to learning how to read,
children gain self-confidence
as they master new skills.
This gives them the courage
to continue to explore and
expand their abilities.” (PBS
Parents, “I Can Do It:”
Building Your Two-Year-
Old’s Self Confidence, 2017).
Emotional: Typical Developmental
Level According to PBS Parents
 “Two-year-olds can learn the
names of core emotions:
happy, sad, scared, and
excited. Naming emotions
empowers toddlers and helps
them understand what’s going
on inside their mind and
body.” (PBS Parents, Helping
Your Two-Year-Old
Understand and Manage
Emotions, 2017).
 Emotionally, my child: Image taken from google.com
-copies others behaviors,

-plays with others,

-is starting to grow more independent,

-has outbursts of anger,

My Two-Year-Old’s Emotional Developmental

State
 “Provide Simple
-  “Acknowledge When they
exercises in which the
use self control” (PBS
child can successfully Parents, Self Control: How to
do things for self. Help Your Two-Year-Old
Praise often.” Make Good Choices, 2017).
(University of
Washington, Child
Developmental Guide:
Two to Three Years,
1993).

Emotional: Recommendations
 Cognitive/Intellectual
 A child age 2 and up, should be able to follow fingerplays, listen to and perform
basic commands, begin to understand basic schedules, focus for an amount of time,
and know colors and shapes (Child Development Institute, Toddler Development &
Parenting Tips (18 Months – 3 Years), 2018).
 It is typical for a child at the age of 24 months or older to be:
- Inquisitive, use small sentences, sing easy songs, focus little, and use their 5 senses as
a way to learn (University of Washington, Child Development Guide: Two to Three
Years, 1993).
Cognitive/Intellectual Development according to
Piaget
 Piaget describes the cognitive development of an infant and toddler as two things,
sensory and motor; also called the sensorimotor stage. For two-year-olds to age
seven, Piaget calls this age range the Preoperational stage. (Snowman, 2013).
 Piaget also states that children in the Sensorimotor stage, “Recognizes permanence
of objects not seen.” (Snowman, 2013).
 Piaget’s Preoperational stage is describe as, “Gradually acquires ability to conserve
and decenter, but is not capable of operations or mentally reversing actions.”
(Snowman, 2018).
 Cognitive/Intellectual Development According to
Vygotsky
 Vygotsky believed children learned facts and concepts indirectly through every day
life called Spontaneous Concepts (Snowman, 2013).
 Vygotsky also believed that children learn and develop concepts through social
interactions with adults (Snowman, 2013).
 Vygotsky believed in Mediation meaning “…When an individual interprets a child’s
behavior and helps transform it into an internal and symbolic representation that
means the same thing to the child as to others (Snowman, 2013).
Cognitive/Intellectual: Typical Developmental Level
According to PBS Parents
 Children age 2 should have some knowledge in:
-Numbers and counting
-Patterns
-Shape
-Measurement
-Speaking and Listening
-Story comprehension
- And Environmental Print. (PBS Parents, Child Development Tracker: Ages 2- 8, 2017).
My Two-Year-Old’s: Cognitive/Intellectual Developmental
State
 Cognitively, my two year old is able to:
1) Recognize colors and vehicles and some animals
2) Do fingerplays
3) Understands requests and can perform them
4) Focus on a task
 My Toddler cannot:
1) Measure
2) Speak in a full sentence
 Cognitive/Intellectual: Recommendations

 Provide sensory items and bins for the child to explore within child’s
reach. Speak and explain to the child. Use age appropriate songs and
rhymes (University of Washington, Child Development Guide: Two to
Three Years, 1993).

 Communication with your child is key to building literacy skills

and helps children express their thoughts (PBS Parents, Talking
to Your Two-Year-Old, 2017).
 Psychosocial/Social
 It is typical for toddlers from age 2 to, “Enjoys
interaction with familiar adults. Imitates and copies
behavior. Begins demanding, assertive,
independent. Finds mother still very important.
Waves bye-bye. Plays alone but does not play well
with others the same age. Is possessive of own
things.” (University of Washington, Child
Development Guide, 1993).
 Two-year-olds are can have:
-empathy
-friendship
-and fixing some social issues (PBS Parents, Child
Development Tracker Ages 2- 8, 2018).
Psychosocial/Social: Typical Developmental
Level According to Erikson
According to Erikson, a child age 2-3 years of age
should be leaning
-independence,
-curiosity,
-toilet training,
-and autonomy (Snowman, 2013).
 My Two-Year-Old’s
Psychosocial/Social Status
 My toddler can recognize when he is to be
changed but is not toilet trained.
 The child is fond of adults he is familiar with.
 The child waves goodbye when someone first
waves to him.
 He has learned to play with others and is less
possessive of toys than his peers.
 And is empathetic and has friendships.
 The child exhibits curiosity for new things.
 Psychosocial/Social:
Recommendations
 “Talk about friendship. Schedule playdates. Be
sensitive to temperament.” (PBS Parents,
Teaching Your Two-Year-Old Early Friendship
Skills, 2017.)
 “Don’t force child to relate to strangers. Allow
time to do things for self and explore. Provide
brief experiences with other children, but don’t
expect much socialization.” (University of
Washington, Child Development Guide: Two
to Three Years, 1993).
  Other moral characteristics a
 Children at the age of 2-years-
old, should be capable of honesty
and dishonesty, being brave,
thankful, resilient, and
empathetic. (PBS Parents, Child
Development Tracker Ages 2-8,
2017).
2-years-old child can exhibit
are as follows, independence or
self reliance, an innate desire to
be good, and to make promises
(University of Washington,
Child Development Guide:
Two to Three Years, 1993).

Moral Character
 “For a two-year-old,  “For a two-year-old,
courage might look like
trying a new food,
saying goodbye to Mom
or Dad when a babysitter
comes or trying a new
activity.” (PBS Parents,
Raising a courageous
Two-Year-Old, 2017).
responsibility might look
like picking up their toys
or putting their dirty
clothes in the hamper ―
simple tasks that they
can take on to contribute
to their family.” (PBS
Parents, How to Teach
Your Two-Year-Old
Responsibility, 2017).

Moral Character: Typical Developmental Level

According to PBS Parents
 “For a two-year-old, grit
might look like learning
how to put on shoes, use
the potty or use words
when they feel
frustrated.” (PBS Parents,
Try, Try Again: Teaching
Your Two-Year-Old
Develop Grit, 2017).
 “For a two-year-old,
gratitude means learning
how and when to say
"thank you" to others.”
(PBS Parents, Helping
Your Two-Year-Old
Express Gratitude, 2017).

Moral Character: Typical Developmental Level

According to PBS Parents
The child has shown  The child exhibits
that he is exhibiting compassion and a
willingness to please his
his independence by caregivers and peers.
resisting nap time or
not wanting to go  The child is self reliant
somewhere when he for play but not for
is playing. social problems.

My Two-Year-Old’s Moral Character Developmental

State
 “Accept the child's limited
ability to carry out promises.
Noncompliance is not
deliberate, but just the child's
way of expressing
independence.” (University
of Washington, Child
Development Guide: Two to
Three Years, 1993).
Moral Character: Recommendations
 “Use descriptive praise
when you see your child
reaching out to someone
else with compassion.
This reinforces their
impulse to act with
compassion.” (PBS
Parents, How to Raise
Your Two-Year-Old to
treat Others With
Compassion, 2017.)
Image from bing.com
 “Model gratitude. Image from bing.com

Create a gratitude
jar. Share ‘Three
Good Things’ Each
Day.” (PBS Parents,
Helping Your Two-
Year-Old Express
Gratitude, 2017).

Moral Character: Recommendations

 References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Child development. Retrieved
from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/facts.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Child Development Institute (2015). The ages and stages of child development. Retrieved from https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/ages-
stages/#.WR3Id_QrLrc (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
PBS The ABC’s of Child Development: Developmental Milestones For Your Child’s First Five Years. (2017). Physical Development. Retrieved
from: https://www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/physical.html
PBS Parents. (2017). Child development tracker Ages 2- 8. Retrieved
from http://www.pbs.org/parents/child-development/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Snowman, J. & McCown, R. (2013). ED PSYCH. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

University of Washington. (1993). Child development: Using the child development guide. Retrieved from
http://depts.washington.edu/allcwe2/fosterparents/training/chidev/cd06.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links
to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.