KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

AND EUBACTERIA

ARNEL A. JULATON
SST-I
 WHAT ARE PROKARYOTES?
 These are organisms whose cells lack -
bound nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.

 They are small and unicellular (made of

only once cell)
 WHAT ARE PROKARYOTES?
 They have cell walls that provide
protection from the outside world.
 Their genetic information is contained in a
“nucleoid” (nucleus-like)

 Most prokaryotes are “autotrophic”,

meaning that they can make their own food.
 WHAT ARE PROKARYOTES?
 Prokaryotes can be one of three different shapes:
WHAT ARE PROKARYOTES?
 1. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
 The word "archaebacteria" derives from
the Greek word "arkhaion." It is the neuter
singular of the word "arkhaios," which is a
combination of "ancient" and "bacteria."

 These are the first prokaryotes and live in

extreme environment.
 1. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
 Many archaebacteria thrive under extreme
conditions, such as in sulfur pools or in rock
deep inside the Earth. They even exist on the
ocean floor, though they lack oxygen and
sunlight there.
 They have some things in common with
bacteria and some things with eukaryotic
organisms (like us).
 Archaea are divided into three categories:

1. THERMOPHILES - Thermophilic bacteria can

be found growing naturally in the hottest places
on Earth. Hot springs, volcanoes and geysers are
great places for them. They are also found in all
types of manure and thrive in compost heaps.

 They are heat lovers and thrives at relatively

high temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C (106
and 252 °F).
1. THERMOPHILES
 It is estimated that 1 trillion bacteria can fit
into a single teaspoon of waste material. They
are the organisms responsible for the
breakdown of organic matter in the compost.
Due to the high heat required, and the
additional heat they create when eating the
materials in the heap, they are the reason for
spontaneous compost fires.
1. THERMOPHILES
2. HALOPHILES
 Halophiles are organisms that live in extremely
salty environments. The name 'halophile'
means 'salt-loving' in Greek.
 Many halophiles accumulate compatible
solutes in cells to balance the osmotic stress in
their environment. Some halophiles produce
acidic proteins that are able to function in high
salinity by increasing solvation and preventing
aggregation, precipitation and denaturation.
2. HALOPHILES
3. METHANOGENS
 These are microscopic organisms that produce
methane as a byproduct of their metabolism.
Methanogens belong to a group of organisms called
archaea and are obligate anaerobes, or organisms
that live without oxygen.

 Methanogens play a vital ecological role

in anaerobic environments by removing excess
hydrogen and fermentation products produced
by other forms of anaerobic respiration.
3. Methanogens
 2. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
 Members of Eubacteria are unicellular and
microscopic.

 They are referred to as “true bacteria” and

are usually called the “bacteria” group.

 There cell walls are made of

“peptidoglycan”, a carbohydrate.
 2. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

 They are often classified according to their

modes of respiration and nutrition.

 Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two

new bacteria (binary fission)
 Binary Fission
 2. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
 A bacterium of a large group typically
having simple cells with rigid cell walls and
often flagella for movement. They are
found mainly in the intestines of
vertebrates and in the soil.
 Based on the mode of nutrition, bacteria
are broadly classified into “autotrophic”
and “Heterotrophic”.
CLASSIFICATION OF KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
a. AUTOTROPHIC EUBACTERIA

1. CHEMOSYTHETIC – Are those which

prepare their food with the help of inorganic
substrates.

2. PHOTOSYNTHETIC – Are autotrophic

bacteria which prepare their own food by the
process of photosynthesis.
a. AUTOTROPHIC EUBACTERIA
a. AUTOTROPHIC EUBACTERIA
b. HETEROTROPHIC EUBACTERIA

1. PARASITIC– Are those which depend on

the host for nutrition. They are most
abundant and important decomposers.

2. SAPROPHYTIC– Are those which feed on

dead and decaying matter.
Common Bacteria on Earth

1. Propionibacterium acnes
 It causes your oil glands to swell and
result to pimples
Common Bacteria on Earth

2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 It causes the disease, tuberculosis.
Common Bacteria on Earth

3. Leptospira interrogans
 It causes the bacterial infection called
“leptospirosis”. These bacteria are present
in the urine and tissues of cattle, pigs,
horses, dogs, rats, and wild animals. It has
been found out that the largest number of
this bacteria are in the urine of rats.
Common Bacteria on Earth

4. Bacillus anthracis
 It is responsible for the disease called anthrax. The
bacterium is found in the soil and can survive for
many years. The disease affects animals like cows
and carabaos but can be transmitted to humans.
Inhalation and intestinal anthrax caused by
inhaling spores and eating of contaminated and
undercooked meat, respectively, are more deadly.
Common Bacteria on Earth

5. Streptomyces griseus
 Streptomycin, an anti-biotic used to
treat tuberculosis and certain types of
pneumonia is made from these
bacteria.
Common Bacteria on Earth

6. Streptomyces venezuelae
 It produces chloramphenicol used in
killing bacteria that cause typhoid
fever and skin infections.
Common Bacteria on Earth

7. Escherichia coli
 It is naturally found in the large intestines of
humans. It feeds on partially digested food
moving from the stomach to the small
intestines. E. coli once present in other areas in
the body can produce poisons causing diarrhea
or kidney damage and even death.
Common Bacteria on Earth

8. Lactobacilli bulgaricus and

Streptococcus thermophilus
 They are in the lactic acid bacteria group.
These are specifically involved in making
sour milk or yogurt.
THAT’S ALL!
Thank you
for listening!