MAINTENANCE

Learning Objectives
 Explain the importance of maintenance in
systems
 Describe the range of maintenance activities
 Discuss preventative maintenance and the
key issues associated with it
 Discuss breakdown maintenance and the
key issues associated with it
 State how the Pareto phenomenon pertains
to maintenance decisions
 Introduction
 Maintenance
 All activities that maintain facilities and
equipment in good working order so
that a system can perform as intended
 Two basic categories
 Building and grounds
 Equipment maintenance
 Goal of Maintenance
 To keep production/service systems in good
working order at minimal cost
 Reasons for maintenance
 To avoid production or service disruptions
 To not add production or service costs
 To maintain high quality
 To avoid missed delivery dates
 Reactive vs Proactive
Reactive Maintenance:
 Breakdown maintenance
 Reactive approach; dealing with breakdowns or
problems when they occur
Proactive Maintenance:
 Preventive maintenance
 Proactive approach; reducing breakdowns
through a program of lubrication, adjustment,
cleaning, inspection, and replacement of worn
parts
 Maintenance Reasons

 Reasons for keeping equipment running

 Avoid production/ service disruptions
 Not add to production/service costs
 Maintain high quality
 Avoid missed delivery dates
 Breakdown Consequences
 Production capacity or service quality is
reduced
 Orders are delayed
 No production/ service
 Overhead continues
 Cost per unit increases
 Quality issues
 Product may be damaged
 Safety issues
 Injury to employees
 Injury to customers
 Total Maintenance Cost

Total Cost
Cost

Preventive
maintenance cost

Breakdown and
repair cost

Optimum Amount of
preventive maintenance
 Preventive Maintenance
 Preventive maintenance: goal is to
reduce the incidence of breakdowns or
failures in the plant or equipment to
avoid the associated costs
 Preventive maintenance is periodic
 Result of planned inspections
 According to calendar
 After predetermined number of hours
 Example S-1
Frequency of breakdown

Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3
Frequency of occurrence .20 .30 .40 .10

If the average cost of a breakdown is

$1,000, and the cost of preventative
maintenance is $1,250 per month, should
we use preventive maintenance?
 Example S-1 Solution
Number of Frequency of Expected number of
Breakdowns Occurrence Breakdowns
0 .20 0
1 .30 .30
2 .40 .80
3 .10 .30
1.00 1.40

Expected cost to repair = 1.4 breakdowns per month X $1000 = $1400

Preventive maintenance = $1250
PM results in savings of $150 per month
 Predictive Maintenance

 Predictive maintenance
 An attempt to determine when best to
perform preventive maintenance activities
 Total productive maintenance
 JIT approach where workers perform
preventive maintenance on the machines
they operate
 Breakdown Programs
 Standby or backup equipment that can
be quickly pressed into service
 Inventories of spare parts that can be
installed as needed
 Operators who are able to perform minor
repairs
 Repair people who are well trained and
readily available to diagnose and correct
problems with equipment
 Replacement

 Trade-off decisions
 Cost of replacement vs cost of continued
maintenance
 New equipment with new features vs
maintenance
 Installation of new equipment may cause
disruptions
 Training costs of employees on new equipment
 Forecasts for demand on equipment may
require new equipment capacity
 When is it time for replacement?