Milky Ways

English For Physics

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 Hello!
1. Alifia Azis R (16302241004)
2. Poppy Sari D (16302241017)
3. Ika Anjani R (16302241027)
4. Fransisca R.S.I (16302241039)
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 EXPERIMENT OF SIMPLE
PENDULUM TO DETERMINE
ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY
 A. Purpose
The purpose of simple pendulum’s experiment are :

1. To study simple harmonic motion.

2. To study the motion of simple pendulum.
3. To determine the acceleration due to gravity using the theory, results,
and analysis of the experiment.

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 B. Fundamental Theory

A simple pendulum may be described ideally as

a point mass suspended by a massless string from some
point about which it is allowed to swing back and forth
in a place. The time that it takes to make one complete
oscillation is defined as the period ( T ). The frequency (
f ) of the oscillations is the number of oscillations that
occur per unit time and is the inverse of the period, f =
1/T. Similarly, the period is the inverse of the frequency,
T = l/f.

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 If the restoring force F is opposite and directly
proportional to the displacement x from the equilibrium
position, so that it satisfies the relationship
F=-kx (1)
Then the motion of the pendulum will be simple
harmonic motion and its period can be calculated using the
equation for the period of simple harmonic motion
𝑚
T = 2π (2)
𝑘

It can be shown that if the amplitude of the motion is

kept small, Equation (2) will be satisfied and the motion of a
simple pendulum will be simple harmonic motion, and
Equation (2) can be used.
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 The gravitational force can be resolved into two
components, one along the radial direction, away from the point
of suspension, and one along the arc in the direction that the
mass moves. The component of the gravitational force along the
arc provides the restoring force F and is given by
F = -mg sin𝜃 (3)
where g is the acceleration of gravity, θ is the angle the
pendulum is displaced, and the minus sign indicates that the
force is opposite to the displacement. For small amplitudes
where θ is small, sinθ can be approximated by θ measured in
radians so that. Equation (3) can be written as
F = -mg 𝜃 (4)

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 𝑥
The angle θ in radians is , the arc length divided by the length
𝑙
of the pendulum or the radius of the circle in which the mass moves.
The restoring force is then given by
𝑥
F = -mg (5)
𝑙
And is directly proportional to the displacement x and is in
𝑚𝑔
the form of Equation (1) where k = . Substituting this value of k into
𝑙
Equation (2), the period of a simple pendulum can be found by
𝑚
T = 2π 𝑚𝑔 (6)
𝑙

𝑙
T = 2π (7)
𝑔

Therefore, for small amplitudes the period of a simple

pendulum depends only on its length and the value of the acceleration
due to gravity.
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 C. Tools and Equipment
The apparatus for simple pendulum experiment
consists of :
1. Stative
2. Rope
3. A spherical ball
4. Ruler
5. Stopwatch
6. Protractor
7. Camera
8. Origin (software to analyze the daya)

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 D. Experiment’s Procedure
1. Tie a rope with a spherical ball
2. Tie the rope to the stand (stative) with a lenght of 30
cm
3. Give a deviation of the rope by 9 degrees then release
it
4. Calculate the lenght of the insulated rope 10 times
and then record the time
5. Repeat steps b to d by changing the variation in
lenght of rope 35 cm, 40 cm, 45 cm, 50 cm, 55 cm, 60
cm, and 65 cm.

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 E. Data Collection

Gravity Acceleration
l (m) t1 (s) t2 (s) ∆t (s) T (s) T^2
0,3 1,538 12,719 11,181 1,1181 1,250148
0,35 3,18 15,161 11,981 1,1981 1,435444
0,4 4,246 17,127 12,881 1,2881 1,659202
0,45 4,816 18,403 13,587 1,3587 1,846066
0,5 19,561 33,953 14,392 1,4392 2,071297
0,55 6,335 21,407 15,072 1,5072 2,271652
0,6 2,452 18,233 15,781 1,5781 2,4904
0,65 2,042 18,494 16,452 1,6452 2,706683

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 F. Data Analysis


l
𝑇 = 2π g

 𝑇 2 = 4𝜋 2
𝑙
𝑔

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﹡ assumption Y = A + B * X
﹡ so, Y=T2 ; B = 4π2/g ; X = l
﹡ B = 4, 175 ± 0,034
﹡ So, B = 4π2/g
﹡ g = 4*(3.14)2 / B
﹡ g = 4*(3.14)2/ 4,175
﹡ g = 9,446 m/s2

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 G. Conclusion
1. Simple harmonic motion is the motion of alternating objects
through a certain balance point with the number of vibrations
objects in each second is always constant.
2. Motion in pendulum includes simple anguler harmonic motion.
When the load is hug on the swing an is not given force, the
object will be charge at the balance point B. If the load is pulled
to point A and released, then the load will move to B, C then
return to A. The movement of the load will occur periodically
over and over, in other words the load on the swing above
performs simple harmonic motion.
3. Based on the results of experiments and data analysis using
graph, obtained the value of gravity acceleration g = 9,446 m/s2

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Thank You