INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURES

LARGE SPACE GO-DOWN

Group Members Building Design System

Moeez Hasan Master of Architecture – Mid Term
Mansoor Sarwar
Ammara Sadia
Possible Types of Structures

Types of structures
High Rise
Sports complex
Large space Godown /Expo Centre
Recreation purpose.
 High Rise
• A multistory building higher than
21m or 21 to 29 floor buildings
with unknown height described
as high-rise structure.
• Early High rise emerged in the
U.S. as a result of economic
growth, the financial organization
of American businesses, and the
intensive use of land.[
• Types structural systems used in
the construction of high rise
building.
• Braced frame structural system
• Rigid frame structural system
• Wall-frame system (dual system)
• Shear wall system
• Core and outrigger structural system
• Infilled frame structural system
• Flat plate and flat slab structural system
• Tube structural system
• Coupled wall system
• Hybrid structural system
Sport Complex
• A sports complex is a group
of sports facilities.
• Types of Sport Complex
• The leisure Centre-
Commercially Sponsored
• The Educational Sports
Campus- Sports Are Being
Taught
• The Community Sports
Centre
• Material should be light
weight, because it is cheap and
easy to cast or renovate.
• Fully form-active structures
are normally used only in
circumstances where a special
structural requirement to
achieve a high degree of
structural efficiency exists
Warehouse/Expo Recreational
• Long-span buildings create • Recreational facility
unobstructed, column-free including a swimming pool
spaces greater than 30 m (100 for water sports. Type of:
feet) for a variety of functions. facility, installation.
a building or place that
• Structural systems for long-span
provides a particular service
buildings can be classified into
or is used for a particular
two groups: those subject to
industry.
bending, which have both tensile
and compressive forces, and • Including golf and country
funicular structures, which clubhouses; tennis, aquatic,
experience either pure tension skiing, and equestrian
or pure compression support facilities; and spas
and fitness centers.
• Steel is the major material for
long-span structures. Bending
structures originally developed
for bridges, such as plate
girders and trusses, are used in
long-span buildings
 HISTORY/ INTRODUCTION OF
WAREHOUSE

• A warehouse can be defined functionally as a building in which to store bulk produce or goods (wares) for
various purposes. The built form of warehouse structures throughout time depends on many contexts:
• Materials.
• Technologies.
• Sites.
• Cultures.

19th-century warehouses Historic Atlantic Dock warehouse Seventeenth-century warehouses Ruined warehouses in Ostia; an
in Gloucester docks in the United in Brooklyn in the 1800s in Amsterdam, Netherlands ancient Roman city
Kingdom, originally used to store
imported corn
 TYPES OF WAREHOUSE

• PRIVATE
• PUBLIC
• GOVERMENT
• CO-OPREATIVE
• BONDED
• DISTIRBUTION
• COLD STORAGE
• EXPORT & IMPORT
• CLIMATE CONTROL
• FIELD
• AGRICULTURE
 Manufacturing Support Factory Retail Distribution Catalog retailor

• Stock room providing raw • Interface production with • Serves a number of captive • Fills orders from
material and work in process wholesalers. retail units catalog sales
A large numbers of
items to manufacturing • A Comparatively small • Advance info about order
small, frequently single
operations number of orders are composition is needed
lines orders are
• Contains many small orders picked up on daily basis • Carton and item picking is picked up
Only Statistical information Advance information about done from a forward area
• Item and, sometime,
available about order the order composition is • More orders per shift than carton picking
composition Stringent time required. consolidation/shipping lanes
• Daily compositions of
requirement for response • High focus on cost and • High focus on cost, accuracy, orders are usually
time. order accuracy and fill rate of the packages unknown
• Primary focus on response Responsiveness heavily • Only statistical
time but accuracy and cost depends on production • Responsiveness depends information available
also are important schedules heavily on truck routing High focus is on cost
schedules and response time
 WAREHOUSE SITE SELECTION 5 FACTORS FOR WAREHOUSE
DESIGN

CIRRCULATION OF
• Availability of Transportation
EQUIPMENT GOODS

• Infrastructure
• Road
• Power
• Utilities
• Water
• Skilled Manpower
• Government Regulations
• Strategic Factors-monitoring &
control, pre-determined sites,
future Plans
• Environmental Factors PRODUCT SPACE PERSONAL

https://holisollogistics.com/warehouse-design/
 PRE ENGINEERED VS ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTION
STEEL BUILDING METHOD/REQUIRMENT

Conventional construction employs various
elements (usually concrete, masonry, or
wood, sometimes steel structures) that are
constructed onsite, whereas pre-
engineered steel buildings use pre-
fabricated elements that are delivered to
site.
• Steel is the MAJOR material for long-
span structures, allowing for the
maximum spans to be reached.
• The frequent use of steel is due to its
advantages: i.e. light weight, high
strength-to-weight ratio, ease of
fabrication, ease of erection and
convenient cost

P.E.B FABRICATORS IN PAKISTAN

• ZAAMIL.
• IZHAR .
• BANNU MUKHTAR.
• RECO.
• ITTEFAQ GROUP.
 Pre-Engineered Buildings (PEB)
• Pre-engineered buildings are buildings that are built in factories and are made of steel that are
shipped to site and bolted together. PEB (Pre-engineered Building) revolution the
construction market using built up sections in place of conventional hot rolled sections. A
large column free area is the utmost requirement for any type of industry which is provided
by PEB.
Various systems of PEB – Pre-Engineered Buildings:
Primary system:
• This system involves tapered or parallel columns or
tapered beams which are called rafters. Base of
column is either fixed or pinned based on the load
requirements.

Rafter and Column

used in PEB
 Secondary system:
• It consists of purlins, grits which are the side claddings and eave struts stiffened by sag rods.
This system also includes the flange stiffeners which joins the untied flanges of the PEB
primary system to the secondary system.
Wind bracing system:
• Rod bracing and the portal system are the two types of wind bracing
systems. Each one is chosen accordingly depending on design and
functional requirement.
Z and C purlins

Typical Wind Bracing across rafters

 Accessories:
• This part includes the Turbo ventilator, ridge vents, Flashings, gutters, down pipes, ladders etc.
Advantages of PEB – Pre-Engineered Buildings:
• Construction time: PEB reduces the total construction cost by the least 40% which leads to
faster occupancy and early revenue.
• Lower cost: Saving is accomplished in design, manufacturing and
erection cost.
• Large clear span: In PEB the buildings can be given up to 90m clear spans
which is the important advantage of PEB with column free space.
• Flexibility of expansion: PEB can be easily expanded in length by adding
Pre Engineered Building
additional bays. Connections
• Quality control: PEB’s are manufactured under controlled conditions depending on the site and
hence the quality is assured.
• Low maintenance: PEB’s have high quality paint systems for cladding which gives long durability
and low maintenance costs.
Applications of Pre-Engineered Buildings – PEB
:

Some of the many applications of PEB are:

• Factories, Warehouses, Workshops, Offices

• Gas stations
• Showrooms
• Aircraft hangers
• Metro stations Pre-engineered Building Under Construction
• Vehicle parking sheds
• Schools, Indoor stadium roofs
• Bridges, Railway platform shelters
• Outdoor stadium canopies
PEB are more advantageous than the conventional structures in economy, speed of construction
and simple erection. As these structures have a wide scope, they must be preferred and utilized.
Types of PEB Frame
 • Warehouse design

B A S I C P R E - E N G I N E E R E D B U I L D I N G N O M E N C L AT U R E
 CASE-STUDY - 1
(SAPS T.G.S FACILITY NEW I I A P)

COVERED AREA = 40,000. SFT

YEAR OF COMPLETION = 2018
LAY-OUT DRAWINGS
LAY-OUT DRAWINGS

SECTION B-B

TYPICAL SECTION.
 TYPICAL DETAILS

ANCHOR BOLT DETAIL.

 TYPICAL DETAILS

ROOFING DETAIL. P I R PANEL DETAIL.

GUTTER TRAP. AND JOINT DETAIL. GABLE TRIM WITH EAVE GUTTER.
 SAPS TGS Site Pictures

SAPS Main Building (Office Block Side) Main Entrance (Front Side)

Washing Area Entrance Internal View

 SAPS TGS Site Pictures

Parking Area Column Pad

Indoor Parking Area Office Block Partition Wall

 CASE-STUDY - II
(GERRYS CARGO FACILITY NEW I I A P)

COVERED AREA = 24,000. SFT

YEAR OF COMPLETION = 2018
 LAY-OUT DRAWINGS

LAY – OUT PLAN. TYPICAL BUILDING SECTIONS.

 Gerrys Cargo Pictures

External Cargo Area Cargo Import Area

Cargo Export Area Cargo Import Operations

 Gerrys Cargo Pictures

Scanning Room Cold Area Storage

Mezzanine Floor Office Block ICG Area