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Government Engineering College, Ajmer

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

A Seminar Report
on
Electric Traction System
Submitted to:-
Submitted by:-
Mr. Dev Pratap mahto
Sourabh jain
Mr. Amit kumar Taneja
15EEAEE041
Miss Shivani dwivedi SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 1
Introduction:-

• Driving forward of a vehicle is called traction and system which employs this type of
mechanism is called traction systems.

• It classified broadly into two groups :

1. Non-electric traction systems

2. Electric traction systems

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 2
Electric traction systems:-
• Electric traction is meant for locomotion in which the driving(tractive) force is obtained from electric motors(called
as traction motors).
• It involves utilization of electric power for systems i.e. for railways, trams ,trolleys etc.
• For traction purposes mostly 3 phase induction motors and d.c.series motors are used and both have high starting
torque, prevailing requirement for the high speed acceleration

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 3
Supply Systems of Electric Traction:-
There are four types of track electrification systems:-

•DC traction system

•Single phase AC
traction system

•Three phase AC
traction system

•Composite traction
system

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 4
DC traction system:-

• Mostly DC series motors are


used.
• 600-750V for third rail or
conductor rail.
• 1500- 3000V is used for main line
services.
• For trolley buses and tramways,
DC compound motors are used
where regenerative braking is
required.

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 5
Why DC series motors?

1.High starting torque at a low speed.

2. requires less power for high torque


production
3. Best for frequent operation

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 6
Single phase AC traction system:-

• 15-25 kv AT 16.7/25Hz
• Stepped down to 300-400V
• AC series motors used

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 7
Why low frequency?

• Commutation , power factor , effieciency improved.

• 𝑋𝑙 = 2π𝑓𝑙
hence 𝑓
Reactance drop
So distance between substations increases.

• Low interfernce

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 8
Three phase AC traction system:-

• Has 3 phase IM motors


operating at 3-3.6KV AT
16.7Hz
• Suitable for high power
requirement.
• Regeneration on large scale
is possible like hilly areas.
• IMs have auto regeneration
capability while operated
above Ns.

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 9
Composite traction system:-

1 phase AC to 3 phase AC system


• Used for high voltage.

• DC machine is used in locomotive .


1 phase AC to DC system

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 10
Comparison:-
DC Traction system Single phase AC system Three phase AC system Composite system

DC supply is required. Single phase AC supply is Three phase AC supply is Transformation is required.
required. required.

High starting torque High starting torque Less starting torque. Less starting torque.

DC series motor is used. AC series motor is used. 3 phase Asynchronous First use of DC motor and
motor is used. then use of 3 phase
induction motor.

1500- 3000V 2500-5000v 3000-3600 V 15000V for single phase


to three phase
conversion.

High efficiency High efficiency Less efficiency Moderate efficiency

used for small distances. It is used for small(50- For hilly areas. For long distances.
80km) distances.

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 11
System of track electrification:-

1. Trolly wire or contact wire:-


suspended with minimum sag so that contact between trolley
wire and current collector can be minimum.
This is supported by another wire called “catenary”.
1. Single catenary construction
2. Compound catenary construction

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 12
1.Single catenary construction :-

1. provided for speed up to 120 kmph.


2. Span of wire is 45-90 meter and sag is 1-2 meter.
3. Relatively cheaper.
4. Less maintenance.
5. Suitable where traffic is denser more and opertaing
speed is slow

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 13
2.Compound catenary construction:-

• Employed for heavy current.


• For speed range 190-224kmph.

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 14
Current collector:-

• Current from the overhead wire is collected with the help of sliding contact collector mounted on the roof of
the vehicle.

• Three types:-
1.Trolley collector
2.Bow collector
3. Pantograph collector

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 15
1. Trolley collector :- 2. Bow collector :-
• Uses light metal strip or bow for current
• Used for tramways and trolley buses , held in contact with
collection.
wire by a spring.
• Speed for 120kmph and higher.
• Suitable for low speeds upto 32kmph. • Not suitable for railway work.

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 16
3. Pantograph collector:-

• For opertaing speed of 100 or 130 Kmph.


• Usually carry a sliding shoe for contact with the overhead trolley wire.

Adavntages:-

• it can operate in either direction of motion.


• There is no risk of leaving wire junction etc.
• Height can be varied.

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 17
Thank You

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 18
Any Queries ?

SEMIINAR PRESENTATION 19

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