Analysis of Electric Circuits

 Review of Circuit Elements

 Methods for Circuit Analysis
Electric Circuit - Review

Outline
What is an Electric Circuit?
Basic Circuit Elements
Sources – Voltage & Current

Reference Books
Chapter 2-4 of Reference 1; [Hughes E]
Chapter 3 of Reference 2; [Nagasarkar & Sukhija]
Chapter 1-2 of Reference 3; [Kothari & Nagrath]

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Electric Circuit - Key terms

Electric Circuit
An interconnection of simple electrical devices with at
least one closed path in which current may flow

An Electric circuit is a mathematical model that

approximates the behavior of an actual Electrical system

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Circuit Elements

Two terminal component that cannot be sub-divided

Described mathematically in terms of its terminal voltage &
current
5 basic circuit elements
Active Elements
Voltage and Current sources
Passive Elements
Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors

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Circuit Elements Review topics

BasicCircuit
Basic CircuitElements
Elements

ActiveElements
Active Elements PassiveElements
Passive Elements

Sources 1. Resistors
2. Inductors
3. Capacitors
Dependent Independent
sources sources

Voltage sources Current sources

Ideal (DC) Practical (DC) Ideal (DC) Practical (DC)

Voltage source Voltage source Current source Current source

+-
+-
Vs Vs Rs Is Rs
Is
Vs
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Ideal Nature

An ideal voltage source maintains a prescribed voltage

regardless of the current in the device. Internal resistance Rs
=0

An ideal current source maintains a prescribed current

regardless of the voltage across the device. Internal
resistance Rs = ∞

An ideal resistor constraints its voltage and current to be

proportional to each other. (v = iR; Ohm’s law)

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Ideal Sources

Independent Voltage & Current Sources

Circuit Representation

I d e a l V o lta g e S o u r c e s (D C ) I d e a l C u rre n t S o u rc e s (D C )
Vs
+ -

V s Is

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Practical Sources

Independent Voltage & Current Sources

Circuit Representation

P r a c tic a l V o lta g e S o u r c e s P r a c tic a l C u r r e n t S o u r c e s

Vs Rs
+ - Is R s

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Source Transformation

Rs +a
Conversion of Practical
Voltage source to Current +
source & vice versa Vs -

-b

Voltage & Current sources

shown in the figure are +a
electrically equivalent if
Ip Rp
Vs = Ip * Rp or (Ip = Vs/Rs)
Rs = R p
-b

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Dependent Sources

Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS)

Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS)
Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS)
Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS)

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Dependent Sources – Voltage Controlled

Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS)

a c

b d

V cd = uV ab

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Dependent Sources – Voltage Controlled

Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS)

a c

b d

I = uV ab

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Dependent Sources – Current Controlled

Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS)

Ia
a c

b d

V cd = u Ia

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Dependent Sources – Current Controlled

Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS)

Ia
a c

I
b d

I = u Ia
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