Medical

Fitness Test
dr. Muhammad Ikhwan Zein, Sp.KO
dr. Muh. Ikhwan Zein, Sp.KO
 Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan UNY
 Spesialis Kedokteran Olahraga
 RS. JIH, Yogyakarta Indonesia
 Jogja Sports Clinic, Yogyakarta Indonesia
 Komite Medis PSSI (2014 – now)
 KONI DIY 2017-2021
 Dokter Kontingen Tim Indonesia (SEAG, AYG,
AIMAG)
 dr. Muh. Ikhwan Zein, Sp.KO

 AFC Emergencies Football Medicine – Philippine

 FIFA Football Medicine – Barcelona
 FIFA Football Medicine - London
 IOC Advanced Team Physician – Sweden
 IOC Injury Prevention in Sports – Monaco
 FIMS Emergencies in Sports Medicine – Malaysia
 Kinesiotaping International (KTAI) 1&2 – Singapore
 Lisensi Pelatih Futsal Nasional Level 1

 European College of Sports Science (ECSS)

 European Allergy and Immunology Association. Interest
: Sports & Asthma
 Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kedokteran Olahraga
Health is defined as…
…a state of complete mental, physical and social
well-being.

So a healthy person is:

physically well - Your heart, lungs and other body
systems are working properly.
mentally well - You are able to cope with stress and
control your emotions. You feel positive about
your self.
socially happy - You have friendship and support.
You feel as though you have a value to society.
free from disease.

ARE YOU HEALTHY?

 It means you feel good all round!!.

Factors that affect your health:

Personal hygiene
Lifestyle
Emotional health (mental state)
Alcohol/drug abuse
Safety
Environment
Diet
Fitness is defined as…
…the ability to meet the demands of the environment.

Being fit means being

physically able to cope
with the demands of
everyday life.

These demands will vary

from person to person,
depending on things like
lifestyle and age.
Exercise is defined as…
…a form of physical activity done primarily to
improve health and physical fitness.

It is important to understand that ‘exercise’ is not the same

as ‘sport’.
Exercise can be any physical activity, even just going for a
short walk.
Sport tends to be competitive in some way.
The effects of a lack of exercise on performance

What will happen?

Weight increase:
Calories are not burnt off so the result is weight gain. The extra weight increases the
individual’s fatigue level during exercise.

Less flexibility:
Joints loss their mobility due to lack of use and excess fat.
i.e. Swimming strokes are inhibited.

Become breathless easily:

The body cannot work for long periods of time without becoming breathless.
i.e. Just walking up stairs becomes hard.
Global Deaths Attributed to 19 Leading Factors

WHO Global health Risks report, 2004.

 Kebugaran Fisik
Kebugara
n Jantung
paru

Health Fleksibilita Kelincahan

Komposisi
Tubuh Related s/kelentur
an otot

Fitness Waktu
reaksi
Keseimbang
an
Skills
Kekuatan
dan
Ketahana
Related
n Otot
Kecepatan
Fitness Daya ledak
otot

Koordinasi
Kelincahan
Daya Ledak otot
Keseimbangan
Kecepatan
Koordinasi
Waktu reaksi

Komposisi tubuh
Fleksibilitas
Kekuatan dan daya tahan otot
Kebugaran jantung paru
RECAP: Components of Health Related Fitness:

B Body Composition
M Muscular Strength
M Muscular Endurance
F Flexibility
C Cardiovascular Fitness
 The Health-Related Components of
Physical Fitness
• Have a strong relationship with good health
• Are characterized by an ability to perform daily
activities with vigor
• Are associated with a lower prevalence of
chronic disease and health conditions and their
risk factors
Body Composition – “The proportion of body weight
that is fat, muscle and bone”
 Muscular Strength

Kemampuan untuk mengerahkan sejumlah besar kekuatan

dalam upaya maksimum tunggal.
 Muscular Endurance –
“The ability to use voluntary muscles, over long
periods of time without getting tired”

Also means that the muscles keep working for a long

time without getting tired.
 Flexibility – ‘The range of movement at a joint’

Also known as suppleness refers to the ability of the

muscles to stretch and then return to their original
position.

It is important for reducing the risk of muscles strains

and injuries.
 Cardiovascular Fitness

“The ability of the heart and circulatory system to

meet the demands of the body for a long period of
time”
 Pengukuran Kebugaran (Fitness Test)

• Mencakup seluruh aspek kebugaran

– Health Related fitness?
– Skills Related fitness?
• Pilih jenis tes yang sesuai dengan subyek
• Persiapkan subyek & perhatikan indikasi-
kontraindikasi
• Sesuai prinsip kemampu laksanaan
Pemeriksaan Kebugaran Fisik

Mengetahui tingkat kebugaran

Individu

Sebagai data awal penyusunan

program latihan

Mengetahui komponen-komponen
kebugaran yang perlu dilatih

Data evaluasi kemajuan hasil

program latihan
Pengukuran Komposisi Tubuh

Indeks Massa Tubuh

Pengukuran lingkar pinggang

Persen Lemak Tubuh

 Pengukuran Komposisi Tubuh
Indeks Massa Tubuh

Berat badan (kg)

Tinggi Badan (m)2
KLASIFIKASI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH BERDASARKAN ASIA PASIFIC TASK FORCE
KLASIFIKASI IMT (KG/M2)
Underweight <18.5
Normal 18.5 – 22.9
Overweight ≥23
At risk 23 – 24.9
Obesitas I 25 – 29.9
Obesitas II ≥30
 Pengukuran Komposisi Tubuh

Lingkar pinggang

• Indikator “seberapa banyak lemak yang ditimbun di daerah perut”

• Lemak yang tertimbun di perut (obesitas sentral), lebih berbahaya

dibanding lemak tubuh yang tertimbun di bagian lain (pinggul, paha dll)

1. Hipertensi
2. Diabetes tipe 2
3. Menurunkan angka
harapan hidup
4. Meningkatkan angka
kematian usia muda
 Pengukuran Komposisi Tubuh

Lingkar pinggang

Diukur diatas
tulang panggul

Lingkar Pinggang terhadap risiko komorbiditas (DM2,

Hipertensi, PJK)
Risiko Rendah Risiko Meningkat
Laki-laki < 90 cm > 90 cm
Perempuan <80 > 80 cm
Hoeger WWK, Hoeger SA, Principles and Labs for Fitness and Wellness, eighth ed, Thomsom Learning Inc, USA, 2006: 112-113
McKinley Health Center. Univ .of Illinois
 Pengukuran Komposisi Tubuh

Persentase Lemak Tubuh

• Dapat diukur dengan metode :
– Antropometri = mengukur tebal lipat kulit dgn
kaliper
– Bioeletrical Impedance (BIA)
– DEXA, X-ray absorbtiometery,dll
 Pengukuran Komposisi Tubuh

Persentase Lemak Tubuh

Classification Women (% fat) Men (% fat)

Essential Fat 10-12% 2-4%
Athletes 14-20% 6-13%
Fitness 21-24% 14-17%
Acceptable 25-31% 18-25%
Obese 32% plus 25% plus
American Council of Exercise
 Cardiorespiratory Fitness
• Low levels of CR fitness have been associated with a markedly
increased risk of premature death from all causes and
specifically from cardiovascular disease
• Increases in CR fitness are associated with a reduction in death
from all causes.
• High levels of CR fitness are associated with higher levels of
habitual physical activity, which in turn are associated with many
health benefits.
• The assessment of CR fitness is an important part of a primary or
secondary prevention and rehabilitative programs.
 Pengukuran Kebugaran Cardio/Aerobik

•Tes maksimal
Intensitas maksimal hingga tercapai kelelahan
Tidak dibatasi waktu dan jarak
Hasil reliable
Beresikopengawasan o/ dokter

•Tes submaksimal
Dibatasi waktu/jarak tak tercapai kelelahan
Kurang beresikotnp pengawasan dokter
Ekstrapolasi
Pengukuran harus akurat
Daya pembeda kurangfit/sangat fit
 Laboratorium
•Treadmill
–Protokol Bruce
–Protokol Naughton

•Sepeda Statis
–Metode Astrand
–Protokol Fox, Protokol YMCA

•Naik Turun Bangku

–Harvard ST, Queen College ST,
–Astrand-Ryhming, YMCA
 Field Tests
• Cooper 12-min test
• 1.5-mi (2.4 km) test for time
• Rockport One-Mile Fitness Walking
Test
Example test :COOPER RUN

The 12 minute Cooper run will test your endurance

capabilities.

25 m
square
Rules:
Performers run as far as they can for 12 minutes. Each
lap of the grid is 100 m. Pupils to calculate the distance
covered.

The grid below shows the average scores.

 General Indications for
Stopping an Exercise Test

• Onset of angina or angina-like symptoms

• Drop in SBP of ≥10 mm Hg with an increase in work rate or if SBP
decreases below the value obtained in the same position prior to
testing
• Excessive rise in BP: systolic pressure >250 mm Hg and/or diastolic
pressure >115 mm Hg
• Shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps, or claudication
• Signs of poor perfusion: light-headedness, confusion, ataxia, pallor,
cyanosis, nausea, or cold and clammy skin
• Failure of HR to increase with increased exercise intensity
 General Indications for
Stopping an Exercise Test

• Noticeable change in heart rhythm by palpation or auscultation

• Subject requests to stop
• Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue
• Failure of the testing equipment
Pengukuran Kekuatan dan Daya Tahan
Otot
•Push up
Daya tahan otot punggung
Repetisi selama 1 menit
•Sit up
Mengukur otot perut
Repetisi selama 1 menit
Norma Sit-up 1 menit
Norma Push-up 1 menit
Tes Kekuatan Otot : Handgrip dynamometer

Measures the strength of the performer

hand grip strength in one action.

Rules:
-No swinging your hand
-Start with your hand up and bring
down to side while pulling in handle
Here is a table of the average scores:
Gender Excellent Good Average Fair Poor

Male >56 51-56 45-50 39-44 <39

Female >36 31-36 25-30 19-24 <19
 Flexibility
• Flexibility is the ability to move a joint through its complete
range of motion.
• Flexibility depends on a number of specific variables
including
– distensibility of the joint capsule,
– adequate warm-up, and
– muscle viscosity.
• Compliance (“tightness”) of various other tissues such as
ligaments and tendons affects the range of motion.
 Pengukuran fleksibilitas

Modified Sit & Reach Test

• Menilai kelentukan otot punggung
• Metode
– Duduk di lantai, tungkai lurus, kaki menyentuh kotak
– Tempatkan kedua tangan pada bagian atas kotak
– Beri tanda angka 0 pada ujung kotak
– Bungkukkan badan semetodeperlahan sambil ujung jari kedua
tangan bergerak ke depan sejauh mungkin. Tungkai dalam
keadaan lurus
– Catat hasil (cm)
Norma Sit-Reach Test
 A Comprehensive Health Fitness Evaluation
• Body composition
• Cardiorespiratory fitness
• Muscular strength
• Muscular endurance
• Flexibility
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