100%(1)100% нашли этот документ полезным (1 голос)
42 просмотров16 страниц
The document discusses the unit hydrograph concept which models the runoff response of a drainage basin to precipitation. A unit hydrograph represents the runoff from 1 inch of excess rainfall over a basin in 1 hour. It can be derived using the inverse rainfall-runoff relationship from a historic storm hydrograph. The assumptions of linearity and superposition allow unit hydrographs to estimate streamflow from future rainfall scenarios.
The document discusses the unit hydrograph concept which models the runoff response of a drainage basin to precipitation. A unit hydrograph represents the runoff from 1 inch of excess rainfall over a basin in 1 hour. It can be derived using the inverse rainfall-runoff relationship from a historic storm hydrograph. The assumptions of linearity and superposition allow unit hydrographs to estimate streamflow from future rainfall scenarios.
The document discusses the unit hydrograph concept which models the runoff response of a drainage basin to precipitation. A unit hydrograph represents the runoff from 1 inch of excess rainfall over a basin in 1 hour. It can be derived using the inverse rainfall-runoff relationship from a historic storm hydrograph. The assumptions of linearity and superposition allow unit hydrographs to estimate streamflow from future rainfall scenarios.
The Unit Hydrograph The Unit Hydrograph The Unit Hydrograph • The unit hydrograph is defined as a hydrograph of direct runoff (excluding the baseflow) observed at the downstream limit of a basin due to one unit of rainfall excess (net precipitation) falling for a unit time tr • The unit of excess precipitation is taken as I in. or 1 mm. The unit of time for precipitation may be 1 day or less, but must be less than the time of concentration Assumptions • The basis of the unit hydrograph concept – A hydrograph reflects all of the combined physical characteristics of the drainage basin (shape, size, slope, soils) and that of the causative storm (pattern, intensity, duration). – The theory of superposition applies and linearity of the relation is assumed. – Variations in storm characteristics do, however, have a significant effect on the shape of hydrographs. This includes (a) rainfall duration, (b) intensity, and (c) areal distribution in the basin. DERIVATION OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH Inverse Procedure 1. The hydrograph associated with a storm is plotted. The baseflow is separated, thus obtaining the direct runoff hydrograph (DRH).
2. The area under the DRH that represents the
volume of surface runoff is computed. This volume of runoff is converted to a depth.
3. Each of the ordinates of the DRH is divided by
volume. The result is a unit hydrograph DERIVATION OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH Inverse Procedure Example • The hydrograph of Example 7.1 was produced by a storm of 12-hour duration considered to have uniform intensity over the basin. determine the unit hydrograph. Example Example Changing the Unit Hydrdgraph Duration Lagging Method Lagging Method Example 7.5 ESTIMATION OF STREAMFLOW FROM UNIT HYDROGRAPH • Given below is a hydrograph that resulted from an isolated 2-hour duration storm of 1,5 in net rainfall. Determine the streamflow hydrograph from the storm sequence indicated. Assume that the losses amount to 60% of the precipitation Solution • The base flow is separated from the hydrograph by the recession curves method, the DRH thus obtained, the unit hydrograph is derived using the inverse procedure . The values are shown in columns 1 and 2, respectively, of Table 7.13 • The net storm (net rainfall) sequence is obtained, excluding 60% losses from the precipitation. • The ordinates of the UH are multiplied by the successive values of the net rainfall, each lagged by the effective duration as shown in columns 3, 4, 5, and 6. • The total of columns 3 through 6 results in the DRH. Adding baseflow to this provides the streamflow hydrograph.