Motion

2.1
2.1.1 Aristotelian Motion
The ancient greeks had
the earliest recorded
studies about motion.
Aristotel (384-322 B.C.)
came up with theories
about motion and the
universe, based on his
literal observations and
assumptions. He
categorized motion into
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Natural Motion
• Natural Motion Natural motion is also
called vertical motion, on Earth was
explained by Aristotel as the natural
tendency of an object to go its natural
place. According to Aristotel , It was
natural for heavy things to fall and for
very light material to rise. Thus, using the
elements that made up the Earth. Earth's
natural place is below water, water
below air, air below fire and all below
aether. Aristotel refer this as the fifth
element that made up the universe.
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Violent Motion
Violent motion is the result of
removing an object from its natural
place. Aristotel’s views were
considered reasonable because they
were literalinterceptions of what was
observed with the naked eye.

Violent motion is caused by external

forces applied to the object.

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2.1.2 Galilean Motion
Galileo’s observations
of everyday objects,
especially falling objects,
we’re not accord with this
idea. Galileo believe that
even when he had stopped
pushing the cart, its
natural tendency was to
continue to move without any
assistance. According to
him, the reason why the card
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Uniform Motion
An object is said to be in uniform motion when it is moving with constant
velocity. Suppose a marble is placed on a leveled smooth surface, the marble will
just stay at rest. This means that the marble is in uniform motion wherein its
velocity remains constant and that it has zero acceleration.

Figure 2.1 shows the relationship between the distances covered by the object
over a period of time in equation d = vt.
Figure 2.1 d vs t.graph Figure 2.2 v vs. t graph Figure 2.3 a vs t.graph

d v a

t t t
The velocity versus time Since the object is in
uniform motion, its
graph of the marble is just acceleration is equal to
a straight horizontal line zero. Thus, the graph has no
as shown in Figure 2.2 line or dot on it.
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Constant Acceleration Motion
An object is said to be accelerating when it travels with varying velocity. The
object may be speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction. The rate at
which an object changes its velocity is known as acceleration. In equation, it
can be expressed as
Change in velocity
v
Acceleratio =
n = Change in time t

The SI unit for acceleration is m/s2.

Suppose the same marble is placed on an inclined smooth

surface. How will you describe its motion? In that
orientation, the marble covers longer distance for a short
period of time as shown in the distance versus time graph in
Figure 2.4.
Mathematically, it can be said that the distance is
proportional to time squared (d a t2)

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 Figure 2.4 d vs t.graph Figure 2.5 v vs. t graph Figure 2.6 a vs t.graph

d v a

t t t

The velocity versus time Since the motion of

graph of the motion of the
marble is represented by a
straight line. The slope of
the graph is the change in
velocity per unit time
which is also known as the
acceleration.
the marble is the
velocity versus time
graph shows a
straight line, its
acceleration is
uniform throughout
its motion. (Figure
2.6) Thus the
acceleration of an
object cause by
gravity as it
descends along a
straight inclined
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Thank You
GROUP 5