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 MODULE 2
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Analysis of members under
flexure, shear and torsion.

Design of axially loaded

members
 IS 1343:2012
Section 3 General Design
Requirements
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 19 General Design requirements
19.3 . Deductions for Prestressing Tendons
shall be considered for the determination of
area, centroid and MI of the CS.
19.3.1.a PRE- deduction in area need not be
made. If allowance is made it shall be on
the basis of (modular ratio-1) * Area of
tendons
19.3.1.b POST- mandatory deductions,
whether it is longitudinally or transversely
 IS 1343:2012
Section 3 General Design
Requirements

 IS 1343:2012
Section 3 General Design
Requirements
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 Analysis of Prestress and
Bending stresses
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Assumptions
 1) Concrete is a homogeneous elastic material
 2) Within the range of working stresses, both
concrete and steel behave elastically,
notwithstanding the small amount of creep which
occurs in both the materials under sustained loading
 3) A plane section before bending is assumed to
remain plane even after bending (linear strain
distribution across the depth of the member)
 Analysis of Prestress
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 As long as the tensile stresses do not exceed the limit
of modulus of rupture of concrete ( corresponds to
visible crack), any change in the loading of the
member results in a change of stress in the concrete
ONLY, the sole function of the prestressing tendon
being to impart and maintain the prestress in the
concrete.

 The stresses in concrete are evaluated by using the

well known relationship for combined stresses used
in the case of columns.
 Notations and sign
conventions
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 P = Prestressing force (positive when producing direct
compression)
 e = eccentricity of prestressing force
 M = P.e = moment
 A = CS area of concrete member
 I = second moment of area of section about its centroid
 Zt and Zb = section modulus of top and bottom fibres
 fsup and finf = prestress in concrete developed at the top and
bottom fibres ( + for C and – for T)
 yt and yb = distance of the top and bottom fibres from the
centroid of the section
 i = radius of gyration
 Concentric Tendon and
Eccentric Tendon
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 Concentric Tendon  Uniform presress in concrete = P/A
 Compressive across the depth of the beam.

 Eccentric Tendon  Prestresing force P is given at an

eccentricity of e. The stresses are non uniform . The stresses
developed at the top and bottom fibres of the beam are
obtained by the relations:

 (Explain with figures and expressions pp 101)

 Resultant stresses at a section
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 Concrete beam supports uniformly distributed live and dead
loads of intensity q and g. The beam is prestressed by a straight
tendon carrying a prestressing force P at an eccentricity e.

 Resulting stresses are due to

 Prestress direct + bending
 Flexural loads  Dead load and Live load

(Area of HTS is small compared to the total area of concrete. Hence

stress computations are generally based on the nominal
concrete cross sectional properties)
 (Explain with figures and expressions pp 101)
 Resultant stresses at a section

 Concrete beam supports uniformly distributed live and dead
loads of intensity q and g. The beam is prestressed by a straight
tendon carrying a prestressing force P at an eccentricity e.

 Resulting stresses are due to

 Prestress direct + bending
 Flexural loads  Dead load and Live load

(Area of HTS is small compared to the total area of concrete. Hence

stress computations are generally based on the nominal
concrete cross sectional properties)
 (Explain with figures and expressions pp 101)