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Advanced Reservoir

Name/Abdelazim Mohamed
Abdelazim Mohamed
ID/20152304
FUE 3/19/2019

Dr/ Khaled Abdelfattah

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FUE
3/19/2019

OUT LINE:
• 1-Defination of reservoir& some properties .
• 2-Reservoir phases(one or /and two).
• 3- Types of reserves .
• 4-Defination of reserves .
• 5- natural reservoir energy.
• 6- main purpose of either a natural gas or a water
injection process .
• 7- Reservoir types defined with reference to phase
diagrame
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PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS AND PRODUCTION FROM FUE 3/19/2019

PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS

oiland gas accumulations occur in underground traps formed by

structural and/or stratigraphic features,
More porous and permeable portions of beds
A reservoir :
is that portion of a trap which contains oil and/or gas as a single
hydraulically
connected system.
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FUE 3/19/2019

• Under initial reservoir conditions, the hydrocarbon

fluids are in either a

• single-phase or a two-phase state. The single phase may be a

liquid phase in which all the gas present is dissolved in the oil.

• On the other hand, the single phase may be a gas phase. If

there are hydrocarbons vaporized in this gas phase that are
recoverable as natural gas liquides on the surface ,the reservoir
is called gas-condensate
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• The accumulation is in two phase state ,the vapor phase is

FUE 3/19/2019

called the gas cap and the underlying liquid phase ,the oil
zone .

• In this case there will be four types of reserves to be

estimated:
1-the free gas or associated gas.
2-the dissolved gas.
3-the oil in the oil zone.
4-the recoverable natural gas liquid from the gas cap.
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FUE 3/19/2019

• In 1986 the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)

adopted the following definition for reserves:

• Reserves are estimated volumes of crude oil,

condensate, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and
associated marketable substances anticipated to be
commercially recoverable and marketable from a given
date forward, under existing economic conditions, by
established operating practices, and under current
government regulations
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FUE 3/19/2019

• The initial production of hydrocarbons from the underground

reservoir is accomplished by the use of natural reservoir
energy and is referred to as primary production.
• natural reservoir energy:
• fluid expansion.
• fluid displacement.
• gravitational drainage, and/or
• capillary expulsion)Capillary pressure).
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FUE 3/19/2019

• The use of either a natural gas or a water injection method is

called a secondary recovery operation.
• water injection process is referred to as waterflooding.

The main purpose of either a natural gas or a water

injection process is:
1-to maintain the reservoir pressure.
2-Displacing (sweeping) oil with water.
 Other displacement processes called tertiary recovery
processes have been developed for application in situations
in which secondary processes have become ineffective.
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FUE 3/19/2019

Reservoir types defined with reference to phase

diagrame:

fig1.1 PT diagrame
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FUE 3/19/2019

• From this technical point of view, hydrocarbon reservoirs are

initially either in a single-phase state (A, B, and
C) or a two-phase state (D), depending on their
temperatures and pressures relative to their phase envelopes.
• The liquid or oil zone will be at its bubble point and will be
produced as a bubble-point reservoir modified by the presence
of the gas cap.
• The gas cap will be at the dew point and may be either
retrograde as shown in Fig. 1.2 (a) or nonretrograde,
Fig. 1.2 (b).
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• Fig. 1.2. Phase diagrams of a cap gas and oil zone fluid showing
FUE 3/19/2019

(a) retrograde cap gas and (b) nonretrograde cap gas.a

f
a
a b
a
a
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FUE 3/19/2019

THANK YOU