STID1103 Computer Applications in Management

Topic One
An Introduction to Information Technology

Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 1

Chapter 14
Objectives Overview

Explain why computer Describe the five

literacy is vital to components of a
success in today’s world computer

Define the term,

Discuss the uses of the
network, and identify
Internet and World
benefits of sharing
Wide Web
resources on a network

See Page 3 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 2

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 1
What is IT/ICT?

Information Technology

The acquisition, processing, storage and

dissemination of

vocal, pictorial and numerical information by

a microelectronics-based combination of
computing and telecommunications.

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Information Technology

Information Technology (IT) is "the study, design,

development, implementation, support or management
of information systems".

Information Communications Technology (ICT) covers any

product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or
receive information electronically in a digital form. For
example, personal computers, digital television, email, robots.

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The Importance of IT/ICT

Essential ingredient in managing business processes of most organizations

Reduction in administration costs

Improve staff productivity

Assist in the design & manufacture of products

Improve the efficiency of interactions with clients, customers, suppliers & distribution outlets

Create opportunities for new services, products & business ventures

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IT Components

1. Process

2. Application (software)

3. Hardware
• that is used to get, create, arrange, analyze and
present the information in various format
including text, image, audio and video.
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1. Process

The ability to translate the information needs,

to analyze and present the information and the
ability to analyze the process effectiveness.

It Includes techniques and activities that

involve design, development, implementation
and IT management.

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2. Application (Software)

• Curricular software
• it is designed to educate students with
concepts and skills. The learning
Software can objective is determine by the software.
be categorized • Generic software
into: • Software that is used to achieve
various learning objectives. Example:
Word processor, databases and
multimedia

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3. Hardware

The physical components of a computer system

Includes all types of technology hardware including

computers, scanner, modem, printers etc.

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Computer Communications

• Computer communications describes a process in

which two or more computers or devices transfer
data, instructions, and information

Communications
Sending device Receiving device
channel

Page 460 10
Uses of Computer Communications

Blogs Chat rooms E-mail Fax

Instant
FTP Internet Newsgroups
messaging

Video
VoIP Web 1.0 Web 2.0
conferencing

11
Uses of Computer Communications

• A global positioning system (GPS) is a navigation system

that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that
accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to
determine the GPS receiver’s geographic location
• GPS receivers are:
Built into Available as a
Available with
many mobile handheld
new vehicles
devices device
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click GPS
below Chapter 9
Page 466 12
A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 13

Figure 1-1 Chapter 1
What Is a Computer? X

• A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 14

Chapter 1
The Components of a Computer X

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data

Storage Device • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Pages 6 - 8 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 15

Chapter 1
The Components of a Computer

Page 7 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 16

Figure 1-3 Chapter 1
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

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Chapter 1
Networks and the Internet

• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media

Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World

18
Chapter 1
Figure 1-6
Networks and the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that

connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Page 11 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 19

Figure 1-7 Chapter 1
Networks and the Internet

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Pages 12 - 13 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 20

Figure 1-8 Chapter 1
Networks and the Internet

• A social networking Web site encourages

members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users

Page 14 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 21

Figure 1-9 Chapter 1
Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

Pages 15 - 16 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 22

Figures 1-10 - 1-11 Chapter 1
Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to

work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware

Pages 16 - 17 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 23

Figure 1-12 Chapter 1
Categories of Computers
Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers

Page 19 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 24

Chapter 1
Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

Page 19 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 25

Figures 1-15 - 1-16 Chapter 1
Personal Computer

26
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device
can carry from place to small enough to hold in
place your hand

Examples include
Examples include
smart phones, PDAs,
notebook computers,
handheld computers,
laptop computers,
portable media
netbooks, ultra-thins,
players, and digital
and Tablet PCs
cameras

Pages 20 - 23 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 27

Chapter 1
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phone

PDA

Pages 20 - 22 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 28

Figures 1-17 – 1-20 Chapter 1
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Pages 22 - 23 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 29

Figures 1-21 – 1-23 Chapter 1
Game Consoles

• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

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30
Figure 1-24 Chapter 1
Servers

• A server controls access

to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

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31
Chapter 1
Figure 1-25
Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously

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32
Chapter 1
Figure 1-26
Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful

computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second

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Figure 1-27 Chapter 1
Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines

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Chapter 1
Embedded Computers

Page 26 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 35

Figure 1-28 Chapter 1
Computer Applications in Society

Education

Finance

Government

Health Care
Pages 34 - 36 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 36
Figures 1-36 – 1-39 Chapter 1
Computer Applications in Society

Science

Publishing

Travel

Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38 Discovering Computers 2018: Living in a Digital World 37
Figures 1-40 – 1-43 Chapter 1
Learning Outcome

• Describe the evolution of

Information Technology and
After Communications
completing this • Explain the concepts of ICT and IT
chapter you • Introduce to computer hardware,
will be able to:- server
• Introduce to computer software and
network

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