The presence of an STD increases the

possibility of:
acquiring infection with HIV
&
transmitting HIV
Why?
 Compromised immune system
 Infection from STD
 Irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes
 People with healthy Opportunistic infections
immune systems can be (OIs) are infections that
occur more frequently
exposed to certain viruses and are more severe in
and have no reaction to individuals with
them. weakened immune
systems, including
But people living with HIV people with HIV.
can face serious threats
from the same viruses. These infections are called
“opportunistic” because they take
advantage of your weakened immune
system, and they can cause devastating
illnesses.14
Presented by the Oklahoma State
Department of Health
 Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
• “HIV is a virus spread through body fluids that
affects specific cells of the immune system,
called CD4 cells, or T cells”. 1

There is NO
• HIV kills the body’s CD4 cells cure, but
(T cells) and damages the immune system. 2 there is
treatment.

• HIV replicates inside the human body. It must

invade a healthy cell in the body to survive. 2
• AIDS is a late stage of the
HIV infection
• Once diagnosed, body has
hard time fighting
disease and certain
cancers.
• NO cure for AIDS, but
there is treatment

Positive HIV Test

+
Very low CD4 count (<200 cells)
OR
presence of specific cancers or
infections
=
AIDS
 HIV is passed from person to person through
the exchange of bodily fluids.

3 Main Ways:
1. Unprotected sex with people living
with HIV (vaginal, oral, or anal)
2. Blood to blood contact
3. Exposure to HIV before or during birth
or through breastfeeding7
1. Anal sex is the activity that has the
highest form of sexual transmission for HIV.
This is due to a tighter, thinner lining of
the anus. Vaginal sex is next and oral sex
carries the least amount of risk of the
three (remind group that it is not who you
are but what you do that places you at risk
for HIV). Both men and women engage in
anal sex. It is important that young people
know that oral sex, although it’s less risky
and does not cause pregnancy, can still
place them at risk for many STDs including
2. Sharing needles fall under blood to
blood transmission due to the fact that
when someone inserts a needle into his or
her veins, small amounts of blood is drawn
into the syringe. When that same needle is
used on another person, the blood is
mixed. When shooting up a drug like
heroine, transmission can also occur with
“works” ( the spoon, bucket of water and
cotton ball that is used while injecting and
sharing the drug)
3. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is the
spread of HIV from an HIV-infected woman to
her child during pregnancy, childbirth (also
called labor and delivery), or breastfeeding. It
is the most common way that children become
infected with HIV.
8
-Mouth -Vagina
-Nose -Penis
-Eyes -Anus
-Ears -Break in
Skin
 Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents,
by Transmission Category, 2012—United States and
6 Dependent Areas
N = 48,651

<1%
Male-to-male sexual
contact
17%
Injection drug use (IDU) -
Males
Injection drug use (IDU) -
Females
9% Male-to-male sexual
contact and IDU
3% Heterosexual contact -
64% males
3% 4% Heterosexual contact -
females
Other

11

Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data
have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays and missing transmission category, but not for
incomplete reporting.
a Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.

b Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
-Many people who are infected with HIV have NO
symptoms at all for 10 years or more.

-Currently 300,000-500,000 in U.S. have HIV and do

not know it.

-Symptoms vary.

Some people who are infected with HIV report having

flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after exposure.
• Fever
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Sore throat
• Rash
12
• The period of time after you may Incubation
period-
have been exposed to HIV, but
Time from
before a test can detect it (at exposure to
least 3 months) 13 HIV to time
when
• Antibody tests cannot accurately antibodies can
be detected
identify infection during this time. through an HIV

• Immediately contagious test.

 What
Does the HIV Test Mean?
Positive Negative
+ -
• HIV antibodies • No HIV antibodies
present detected
• Infected and can • May not be
infect others infected (consider
the window
• Need to begin period)
treatment • Consider retesting
•Viral Load: Amount of
HIV in the blood

•CD4 (T4) Count:

Number of white blood
cells in the blood
Newly Diagnosed? START TREATMENT!

Treatment benefits:
your own health
&
the health of others.

Thanks to better treatments, people with

HIV are now living longer—and with a
better quality of life—than ever before.
 Medication can be:
Expensive - $30,000 a year
$379,668 (lifetime) 15

Complicated –Different pills at specific times

of the day
Toxic – side effects are common
Ineffective – not all strains of HIV respond
No Risk —
Abstinence (sex): not having oral, vaginal or
anal sex
Abstinence (drugs): not using drugs
Mutual monogamy between non-infected
partners

Reduced Risk —
Protected Sex: “Correct and consistent” use
of condoms/barriers16
Fewer sexual partners
Never sharing needles/”works”17
Regular HIV/STD testing18
More than 98% effective when used
correctly and consistently

Different kinds: 19

• Latex
• Polyurethane (“Non-Latex”)
• Lambskin 20
 Do’s
• DO keep condoms in a cool,
dry place
• DO put the condom on an
erect (hard) penis before any
genital contact
• DO hold the condom in place
at the base of the penis
before withdrawing (pulling
out) after sex
• DO throw the condom away
after it’s been used
• DO use water-based
lubrication (vaginal sex) or
silicone-based (anal sex)
Don’ts
• DON’T use expired condoms.
• DON’T unroll the condom before
putting it on the penis
• DON’T leave condoms in hot
places (wallet, car, etc.)
• DON’T use oil-based products
(baby or cooking oils, hand
lotion, Vaseline, etc.) as
lubricants with latex condoms
• DON’T use your fingernails or
teeth while opening the condom
wrapper.
• DON’T reuse a condom
• DON’T use more than one
condom at a time
• Worn inside the vagina or • Used for oral sex
anus • Could make your own dental
• Thicker, more tear-resistant dam
• Always latex-free
• Wider opening covers more
pelvic area