CRYOGENICS CHAPTER 7

WHAT IS CRYOGENICS?
Is the study of the production and behavior of materials at very low
temperatures.
Though it is not defined at what point the temperature scale refrigeration ends
and cryogenics begins, but scientist assume it starts at or below -150 degrees
Celsius or -292 degrees Fahrenheit or 93.15 K.
Is defined as that branch of physics that deals with very low temperatures and
their effect on matter, a formulation which addresses both aspects of attaining
low temperatures which do not naturally occur on earth, and of using them to
study nature and human industry.
Also defined as the science and technology of below 120K.
WHAT IS CRYOGENICS?
The densification by condensation, and separation by distillation of
gases was historically – and remains today – the driving force for
cryogenics industry
CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION PLANTS
WITH HEAT EXCHANGER AND
DISTILLATION
ROCKETS USING CRYOGENIC LIQUID
PROPELLANTS
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, xenon, and krypton are constituents of air.
Each element may be obtained by liquefaction and separation of atmospheric
air.
In obtaining pure hydrogen, separation from coke-oven gas is used, and for
pure helium, separation by helium-bearing natural gas.
Cryogenics is a broad field of study, the liquefaction of gases being an
important aspect.
Adiabatic demagnetization is used to realize temperatures close to absolute
zero.
MINIMUM WORK REQUIRED TO LIQUEFY A GAS
NATURE WORLD NEWS:CRYOGENICS REVIVED THE ENTIRE
RABBIT BRAIN.

Researchers from the 21st century Medicine have for the first time successfully frozen
and recovered an entire mammalian brain.
The cryogenically preserved brain belonged to a rabbit, and using an innovative
technique called aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation (ASC), the researchers were
able to return the animal’s brain to near perfect condition.
Using chemical fixation and cryogenic storage.
The team that is responsible for the experiment filled the rabbit’s brain with chemicals
that prevent it from decaying and cooled it to be -211degrees Fahrenheit.